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We propose a new full discretization of the Biot’s equations in poroelasticity. The construction is driven by the inf-sup theory, which we recently developed. It builds upon the four-field formulation of the equations obtained by introducing the total pressure and the total fluid content. We discretize in space with Lagrange finite elements and in time with backward Euler. We establish inf-sup stability and quasi-optimality of the proposed discretization, with robust constants with respect t...
The objective of this series of tests is to characterize the alkali and water resistance of two non-vulcanized formulations based on co-polymerizing styrene–butadiene rubbers (SBR1 and SBR2). The relative merits of the two polymer systems as impregnating agents for alkali-resistant glass reinforcement in cementitious binders are assessed. For this purpose, polymer films were synthesized and then chemically conditioned for up to half a year at temperatures of 23 °C and 50 °C in sodium hydroxid...
Die Ser/Thr-Kinase Akt (Proteinkinase B) ist ein zentraler Regulator im PI3K/Akt/mTOR-Signalnetzwerk, der am häufigsten aktivierten Signalkaskade bei malignen humanen Erkrankungen. Die durch Akt vermittelte Signaltransduktion stellt einen wesentlichen Bestandteil grundlegender physiologischer Prozesse dar, zu denen Zellproliferation, Überleben, Stoffwechsel und Proteinbiosynthese zählen. Veränderungen in den Akt-regulierenden Proteinen wie PI3K und PTEN können zu einer Akt-Hyperaktivität führ...
The transition from an RNA-based world to DNA as the primary genetic material is a pivotal topic in origin-of-life research. This study aims to prototype a hybrid genome system combining DNA and RNA, capable of self-replication and evolution, initially in vitro and potentially in vivo. Using Qß replicase, segmented RNA genomes were synthesized, incorporating the Phi29 phage pRNA for self-assembly into nanorings. The replication efficacy of these replicons was evaluated both independently...
Different mammalian species progress through similar stages during embryonic development and adult life but the pace of these transitions is species-specific. While classically, developmental timing was viewed merely as a consequence of varying body sizes between species, the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has shown that species-specific developmental timing is maintained during in vitro differentiation. Since then, uncovering cell-intrinsic mechanisms that regulate the timescales of de...
Avapritinib is the only potent and selective inhibitor approved for the treatment of D842V-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), the most common primary mutation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA). The approval was based on the NAVIGATOR trial, which revealed overall response rates of more than 90%. Despite this transformational activity, patients eventually progress, mostly due to acquired resistance mutations or following discontinuation due to neuro-cognitiv...
In driver monitoring various data types are collected from drivers and used for interpreting, modeling, and predicting driver behavior, and designing interactions. Aim of this contribution is to introduce manD 1.0, a multimodal dataset that can be used as a benchmark for driver monitoring in the context of automated driving. manD is the short form of human dimension in automated driving. manD 1.0 refers to a dataset that contains data from multiple driver monitoring sensors collected from 50 ...
Anomaly detection becomes essential across diverse domains. Data is usually collected sequentially in real-world applications such as sensor records and network logs. Consequently, a major challenge in anomaly detection is the real-time volatile sequential abnormal events. Recent research on time series has gained supreme advancements, leveraging the vast development of deep models like recurrent neural networks and transformers. However, most existing deep models focus on static time se...
Modern computer Technologies are skyrocketing to spheres, which frequently seemed unimaginable years ago. Quantum effect petabyte-sized storage devices or deep cache hierarchies, acting within nanoseconds, make only a few examples. At the same time, interfaces to communicate with such technologies are settled and remain largely unaffected by the technology development. While loading and storing a word to a given memory address was the standard interface to communicate with memory devices in v...
Die Stadtentwicklung in Deutschland steht vor einer doppelten Herausforderung: Einerseits der wachsende Bedarf an Wohnraum und andererseits die zunehmende Komplexität, die durch soziale und ökologische Anforderungen entsteht, wie die Förderung von Nachhaltigkeit und gemeinwohlorientierter Stadtentwicklung. Quartiere spielen als Lösungsebene eine entscheidende Rolle, da sie nicht nur Wohnraum bieten, sondern auch als Kernelemente für soziale Interaktion und ökologische Nachhaltigkeit in Städte...
This thesis focuses on the study of tree-based ensemble learners, with particular attention to their behavior as a prediction tool for multivariate or time-dependent outcomes and their implementation for efficient execution. In particular, well-known examples such as Random Forest and Extra Trees are often used for the prediction of univariate outcomes. However, for multivariate outcomes, the question arises whether it is better to fit univariate models separately or to follow a multivariate ...
Dose-response modeling occurs in many application areas and has a rich research history. An extensively studied application feld is clinical studies, where dose-response modeling is used in Phase II studies to identify the dose closest to a pre-defned effect. Many non-clinical, toxicological studies also aim at identifying a dose-response relationship. However, for non-clinical or toxicological studies there are fewer regulations or guidelines. This leads to a gap between nowadays research ad...
Nonlinear optical signals in optically driven quantum systems can reveal coherences and thereby open up the possibility for manipulation of quantum states. While the limiting cases of ultrafast and continuous-wave excitation have been extensively studied, the time dynamics of finite pulses bear interesting phenomena. In this paper, we explore the nonlinear optical probe signals of a two-level system excited with a laser pulse of finite duration. In addition to the prominent Mollow peaks, the ...
In this paper, we provide an overview of the history and sociolinguistic setting of Germans and German in Namibia, which serves as a backdrop for our discussion of two grammatical innovations in Namibian German. German has been actively used in Namibia since the 1880s, having been brought to the country through colonization, and it remains linguistically vital today. Via a questionnaire study, we investigate the expanded use of two grammatical innovations in Namibian German, namely, i) linkin...
Silver-based grating structures offer means for implementing low-cost, efficient grating couplers for use in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. One-dimensional grating structures with a fixed periodicity are confined to operate effectively within a single planar orientation. However, two-dimensional grating structures as well as grating structures with variable periodicity allow for the plasmon excitation angle to be seamlessly adjusted. This study demonstrates silver-based grating desi...
Purpose. The sparing effect of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy has been reported, but its potential to mitigate depletion of circulating blood and lymphocytes (CL) has not been investigated in pencil-beam scanning-based (PBS) proton therapy, which could potentially reduce the risk of radiation-induced lymphopenia. Material and methods. A time-dependent framework was used to score the dose to the CL during the course of radiotherapy. For brain patients, cerebral vasculatures were sem...
We investigate the cosmological consequences of light sterile neutrinos with altered dispersion relations (ADRs) and couplings to an ultra-light, axion-like scalar field. In particular we study the impact on the number of additional, light, fermionic degrees of freedom and primordial nucleosynthesis. While the ADR leads to a new potential term in the Hamiltonian, the coupling to the scalar field results in a time dependent, effective mass contribution. We solve the quantum kinetic equations (...
The optimisation (tuning) of the free parameters of Monte Carlo event generators by comparing their predictions with data is important since the simulations are used to calculate experimental efficiency and acceptance corrections, or provide predictions for signatures of hypothetical new processes in experiments. We present a tuning procedure that is based on Bayesian reasoning and that allows for a proper statistical interpretation of the results. The parameter space is fully explored using ...
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