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The ring-opening Si-fluorination of a variety of azasilole derivatives cyclo-1-(iPr2Si)−4-X−C6H3−2-CH2NR (4: R=2,6-iPr2C6H3, X=H; 4 a: R=2,4,6-Me3C6H2, X=H; 9: R=2,6-iPr2C6H3, X=tBuMe2SiO; 10: R=2,6-iPr2C6H3, X=OH; 13: R=2,6-iPr2C6H3, X=HCCCH2O; 22: R=2,6-iPr2C6H3, X=tBuMe2SiCH2O) with different 19F-fluoride sources was studied, optimized and the experience gained was used in a translational approach to create a straightforward 18F-labelling protocol for the azasilole derivatives [18F]6 and [...
Background: Applying tolerance doses for organs at risk (OAR) from photon therapy introduces uncertainties in proton therapy when assuming a constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1. Purpose: This work introduces the novel dirty and clean dose concept, which allows for creating treatment plans with a more photon-like dose response for OAR and, thus, less uncertainties when applying photon-based tolerance doses. Methods: The concept divides the 1.1-weighted dose distr...
Ubiquitin as a macromolecule-based modification has been validated as the regulator of protein stability. Ubiquitin signals can be significantly diversified by forming polymerized chains as well as conjugating with some structurally similar modifiers (Ubiquitin-like proteins, Ubls). Therefore, cellular events can be modulated in a more complicated way through these modifications, which are reversible by specialized proteases called deubiquitinases (DUBs) and Ubiquitin-like proteases (ULPs). S...
Increasing performance needs of modern cyber-physical systems leads to multiprocessor architectures being increasingly utilized. To efficiently exploit their potential parallelism in hard real-time systems, appropriate task models and scheduling algorithms that allow to provide timing guarantees are required. Such scheduling algorithms and the corresponding worst-case response time analyses usually suffer from resource over-provisioning due to pessimistic analyses based on worst-case assumpti...
Rankings represent the natural way to access the importance of a finite set of items. Ubiquitous in real-world applications and machine-learning methods, they mostly derive from automated or human-based importance score assignments. Many fields involving rankings, such as Recommender Systems, feature selection, and anomaly detection, overlap with human-derived scoring systems, such as candidate selection and operational risk assessments. Rankings are explicitly hard to evaluate; several ...
Eine Vielzahl von Gammastrahlungsquellen wurde milthilfe der aktuellen Genera- tion von Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs)-Experimenten gefunden. Dennoch verbleiben fundamentale Fragen offen: Wie werden die Teilchen der kosmischen Strahlung beschleunigt? Was können wir über die extremen Umgebungen nahe von schwar- zen Löchern und Supernovae lernen? Wird die Dunkle Materie jemals gefunden werden? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, werden sowohl Experimente benötigt, die um ein ...
This thesis empirically investigates three specific firm-level drivers of stakeholder compensation in Germany. The first chapter examines the impact of trade unions on executive remuneration. It takes into account the special features of German employee representation rights through the framework of parity codetermination, which grants trade unions a direct say in the determination of executive pay. The results indicate that trade unions have a reducing effect on total remuneration and fixed ...
Dinitrile-based lithium electrolytes were investigated through a comprehensive approach integrating nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dielectric spectroscopy, and viscosimetry. The reorientational motion within the succinonitrile-glutaronitrile (SN-GN) matrix was elucidated and the impact of lithium salt additions examined. Effect of enhanced molecular rigidity was investigated by incorporating fumaronitrile (FN) molecules with double central bond (C=C). Additionally, deuterated SN facilitate...
Item response theory (IRT) represents a statistical framework within which responses to psychological tests can be modelled. A psychological test consists of a set of items (e.g., tasks to solve or statements to rate) to which a person taking the test responds. IRT assumes that responses are influenced by respondents' latent traits (e.g., personality traits or cognitive abilities) as well as by items' characteristics (e.g., difficulty). IRT models exist for a variety of different response typ...
Self-assembled hosts, inspired by biological receptors and catalysts, show potential for sustainable synthesis, energy conversion and medicine. Implementing multiple functionalities in the form of distinguishable building blocks, however, is difficult without risking narcissistic self-sorting or statistical mess. Here, we report a systematic series of integratively self-assembled heteroleptic cages in which two square-planar PdII cations are bridged by four different bis-pyridyl ligands ...
Enzyme-catalyzed replication of nucleic acid sequences is a prerequisite for the survival and evolution of biological entities. Before the advent of protein synthesis, genetic information was most likely stored in and replicated by RNA. However, experimental systems for sustained RNA-dependent RNA-replication are difficult to realise, in part due to the high thermodynamic stability of duplex products and the low chemical stability of catalytic RNAs. Using a derivative of a group I intron as a...
Growth and division of biological cells are based on the complex orchestration of spatiotemporally controlled reactions driven by highly evolved proteins. In contrast, it remains unknown how their primordial predecessors could achieve a stable inheritance of cytosolic components before the advent of translation. An attractive scenario assumes that periodic changes of environmental conditions acted as pacemakers for the proliferation of early protocells. Using catalytic RNA (ribozymes) as mode...
Infolge des demografischen Wandels in der westlichen Welt und einer immer aktiver werdenden Gesellschaft steigt der Einsatz von Biomaterialien und damit die Anforderungen an deren Leistungsfähigkeit, Effizienz und Kosten. Die gängigen permanenten Implantatmaterialien können dabei die Anforderungen bei einem temporären Einsatz im menschlichen Körper nicht erfüllen, sodass für derartige Anwendungen zunehmend an biodegradierbaren Metallen geforscht wird. Diese ermöglichen eine zeitlich begrenzte...
The LHCb experiment is currently undergoing a major upgrade, preparing for the next period of data taking starting in 2022, where the instantaneous luminosity will increase by a factor of five. To ensure a safe operation of the experiment, simulation studies are performed for the Beam Conditions Monitor (BCM), responsible of protecting LHCb against possible damage from the beam. In the first part of this thesis the impact of the changed beam conditions and configurations of the LHCb sub...
Die Ser/Thr-Kinase Akt (Proteinkinase B) ist ein zentraler Regulator im PI3K/Akt/mTOR-Signalnetzwerk, der am häufigsten aktivierten Signalkaskade bei malignen humanen Erkrankungen. Die durch Akt vermittelte Signaltransduktion stellt einen wesentlichen Bestandteil grundlegender physiologischer Prozesse dar, zu denen Zellproliferation, Überleben, Stoffwechsel und Proteinbiosynthese zählen. Veränderungen in den Akt-regulierenden Proteinen wie PI3K und PTEN können zu einer Akt-Hyperaktivität führ...
We analyse the Γ-convergence of general non-local convolution type functionals with varying densities depending on the space variable and on the symmetrized gradient. The limit is a local free-discontinuity functional, where the bulk term can be completely characterized in terms of an asymptotic cell formula. From that, we can deduce an homogenisation result in the stochastic setting.
This paper investigates the role of flood risk experts in supporting homeowners to implement property-level flood risk adaption (PLFRA). Homeowners can reduce their flood risks by implementing PLFRA. However, oftentimes they need advice on what sort of and how to implement PLFRA. This means that tailored experts advice is necessary to inform homeowners on such measures. But experience shows that mere information is often insufficient to motivate homeowners to realise measures. This contributi...
Dressing electronic quantumstates with virtual photons creates exotic effects ranging from vacuum-field modified transport to polaritonic chemistry, and squeezing or entanglement of modes. The established paradigm of cavity quantum electrodynamics maximizes the light-matter coupling strength ΩR=ωc, defined as the ratio of the vacuumRabi frequency and the frequency of light, by resonant interactions. Yet, the finite oscillator strength of a single electronic excitation sets a natural limit to ...
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