Biological and quantitative-SAR evaluations, and docking studies of (E)-N'-benzylidenebenzohydrazide analogues as potential antibacterial agents

Abstract

A series of 15 (E)-N'-benzylidenebenzohydrazide analogues were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against eleven pathogenic and food-borne microbes, namely, S. aureus (G+), L. monocytogenes (G+), B. subtilis (G+), K. pneumonia (G-), C. sakazakii (G-), C. freundii (G-), S. enterica (G-), S. enteritidis (G-), E. coli (G-), Y. pestis (G-), and P. aeruginosa (G-). Most of the compounds exhibited selective activity against some Gram-negative bacterial strains. Of the compounds tested (3a-o), 3b and 3g were most active against C. freundii (MIC = ~19 µg mL-1). Whereas, compounds 3d, 3i, 3k and 3n exhibited MIC values ranging from 37.5 to 75 µg mL-1 against C. freundii, and compounds 3e, 3l and 3n had MIC values of ~75 µg mL-1 against K. pneumonia. Quantitative structure-antibacterial activity relationships were studied using physicochemical parameters and a good correlation was found between calculated octanol-water partition coefficients (clogP; a lipophilic parameter) and antibacterial activities. In silico screening was also performed by docking high (3b and 3g) and low (3n) activity compounds on the active site of E. coli FabH receptor, which is an important therapeutic target. The findings of these in silico screening studies provide a theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of novel benzylidenebenzohydrazide analogues that inhibit bacterial FabH.