Kursawe, FrankSchwefel, Hans-Paul2004-12-072004-12-0719981998-11-08http://hdl.handle.net/2003/534710.17877/DE290R-8013Which are the fundamental principles of life? This is the main question to be addressed if one tries to create artifcial life on computers. Though it has been answered only partially, evolutionary algorithms are substantially contributing already to many kinds of human problem solving by means of virtual organisms. Besides looking back on that success story and extrapolating it a bit into the future - both endeavors obviously being subjective -, a new result will be presented in the following showing the importance of multicellularity, which helps to self-adapt the error rates of the replication step to what is needed for eficacious and efficient optimum seeking without individual learning.enUniversität DortmundReihe Computational Intelligence ; 18binary optimizationevolutionary algorithmsevolutionary computationevolution strategiesimitating lifemulticellularitynatural computationontogenyphenotypic plasticityself-adaptive mutabilitiessomatic mutations004report