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Aktuellste Veröffentlichungen

ATMo² Report 1: Mobilitätsverhalten in Nordrhein-Westfalen
(2026-07-01) Kohaupt-Cepera, Kay; Philippi, Lotta; Willen, Sebastian; Opolony, Steffen; Shahbaz Nejad, Bijan; Handte, Marcus
Mobilität in urbanen Räumen steht zunehmend im Spannungsfeld zwischen notwendigen ökologischen Transformationen, begrenzten Verkehrskapazitäten und etablierten Alltagsroutinen. Obwohl in der Rhein-Ruhr-Region vielfältige Alternativen zum privaten Pkw vorhanden sind, bleibt dieser für viele Wege weiterhin das dominante Verkehrsmittel. Das Projekt ATMo² setzt hier an und zielt darauf ab, Reisende durch evidenzbasierte und individuelle Anreize dabei zu unterstützen, vorhandene Alternativen stärker in Betracht zu ziehen und informiertere Entscheidungen bei der Verkehrsmittelwahl zu treffen. Der vorliegende Report beschreibt die Gestaltung der Ausgangsbefragung des Projekts sowie erste Ergebnisse. Die theoretische Grundlage hierfür bilden zwei sich ergänzende Modelle des Mobilitätsverhaltens, die einerseits subjektive Nutzenkalkulationen, Situationswahrnehmungen und Kontextfaktoren sowie andererseits Routinen, Mobilitätssozialisation, Werteorientierungen und soziale Normen berücksichtigen. Auf dieser Basis wurde ein mehrsprachiger Fragebogen entwickelt, der zentrale Dimensionen des Mobilitätsverhaltens, der Verkehrsmittelverfügbarkeit, der Präferenzen und möglicher Verhaltensänderungen erfasst. Die Befragung wurde über verschiedene Online- und Offline-Kanäle verbreitet. Insgesamt konnten 1.174 vollständige Antworten generiert werden; besonders erfolgreich waren dabei die Ausspielung über soziale Medien sowie über das Portal Verkehr.NRW. Die ersten deskriptiven Ergebnisse zeigen eine Stichprobe, die hinsichtlich Alter, Bildungsabschluss und Haushaltseinkommen nach oben verzerrt ist und sich beabsichtigt räumlich deutlich auf Nordrhein-Westfalen konzentriert. Zugleich wird sichtbar, dass den Befragten häufig verschiedene Verkehrsmittel zur Verfügung stehen, der Pkw jedoch über die betrachteten Wegezwecke hinweg weiterhin das meist genutzte Hauptverkehrsmittel bleibt. Damit bestätigen die Ergebnisse die Relevanz eines Ansatzes, der nicht nur die objektive Verfügbarkeit von Verkehrsmitteln, sondern auch Routinen, Wahrnehmungen, Präferenzen und soziale Kontextfaktoren in den Blick nimmt.
Alterations in knee biomechanics and motor performance following 3 months training with the Football+ and 11+ warm-up programs among amateur female players
(Elsevier BV, 2026-03-14) Asgari, Mojtaba; Hägglund, Martin; Terschluse, Benedikt; Sueck, Maximilian; Nolte, Kevin; Schmidt, Marcus; Jaitner, Thomas
Objective This cluster alocated comparative study (DRKS00036644) primarily evaluated the effects of the Football+ and the established FIFA 11+ (the 11+) on knee biomechanical risk factors. A secondary outcome included performance measures and their retention following a 10-week no-intervention period. Methods Three German amateur women's teams (24.3 ± 5.3 years, 1.73 ± 0.07 m, 64.3 ± 8.0 kg) completed the introductory sessions and were team allocated into the Football+ (n = 22), 11+ (n = 19), or control (n = 16) groups. Baseline assessment included a standardized 3D motion analysis of knee biomechanics during single-leg landing and cutting maneuvers and a performance test battery (sprinting, counter movement jump (CMJ), agility, and dribbling speed. Following a 3-month, twice-weekly supervised intervention, post-intervention testing was performed. A 10-week follow-up tested retention of the performance outcomes. Statistical significance was set at α ≤ 0.05. Results ANOVA revealed significant time and time × group interactions across multiple knee biomechanical variables. The Football+ showed consistently larger magnitudes of change compared with the 11+, while the control group demonstrated limited changes (p = .005-0.047; η^2 = 0.14-0.24). Similar interaction effects were observed for sprinting, agility, and dribbling performance (p = .002-0.01; η^2 = 0.13-0.23). Performance improvements were not retained after a 10-week no-intervention period. Conclusion The Football+ and 11+ programs improved high-risk movement patterns associated with an increased risk of knee injury, with more consistent and larger effects observed for the Football+. Improvements in performance measures were observed only following the Football+, supporting its potential as a time-efficient, dual-purpose warm-up. The performance improvements were not maintained following the no-intervention period.
Joining-by-hydroforming of aluminum and poly(ether ether ketone)
(Elsevier BV, 2025-12-30) Weber, Florian; Handge, Ulrich A.; Rakshit, Tanmoy; Dardaei Joghan, Hamed; Hahn, Marlon; Korkolis, Yannis P.; Tekkaya, A. Erman
Joining-by-hydroforming is a process in which components are joined through expansion under internal pressure. Depending on the required fluid pressure and application rate, this process can be technically demanding and challenging to implement on industrial equipment. To address this, a simplified experimental setup was developed to investigate the fundamental joining mechanisms. In this setup, aluminum 6061-T6 (AA6061-T6) and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) rings are force-fitted using a conical punch and segmented conical expansion elements, enabling controlled radial expansion. The resulting assemblies are subsequently separated in a dedicated push-out test. Experimental results show that the required separation force increases with rising elastic strain in the polymer, attributable to an increase in contact pressure according to Coulomb's friction law. This effect diminishes once plastic deformation of the thermoplastic initiates. Furthermore, stress relaxation in PEEK causes a time-dependent decrease in joint strength, reaching a quasi-equilibrium after approximately 10^4 s, as confirmed by relaxation experiments on PEEK coupons. To analyze thermal effects, the entire ring assembly is preheated to defined temperatures in a laboratory furnace. An inverse correlation between joining temperature and joint strength is observed, consistent with the trend identified in the dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA) of PEEK. The proposed experimental method enables rapid identification of the most influential parameters for joining-by-hydroforming, without requiring dedicated hydroforming equipment or production machine time.
Understanding the impact of different nucleation strategies on bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate crystallization from a glycolysis reaction mixture
(MDPI AG, 2026-05-22) Seppelfricke, Lukas; Loos, Henning; Sander, Leonard; Möller, Louisa-Marie; Wohlgemuth, Kerstin
The recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is gaining increasing importance, as it enables the conversion of plastic waste into valuable raw materials and contributes to a circular economy. Recent research has primarily focused on optimizing the depolymerization step of PET glycolysis, while downstream processes often overlook what are at least equally critical downstream steps in recovering the monomer bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The implementation of a water-free PET glycolysis process eliminates challenges related to internal solvent and homogeneous catalyst recycling that commonly occur in conventional processes. This study, therefore, focuses on BHET crystallization and filtration as key downstream unit operations. Two nucleation strategies, gassing and seeding, were investigated and compared with experiments without a nucleation strategy. The aim was to achieve reproducible process control during crystallization and to obtain crystals with good filterability, which can be critical for subsequent steps in the product purification process. Experiments without a nucleation strategy showed poor reproducibility. In contrast, gassing and seeding improved crystallization control, particularly regarding nucleation temperature and relative crystallization yield. However, these strategies also resulted in significantly prolonged filtration times due to differences in filter cake properties. The anisotropic crystals exhibited a broad particle size distribution with a high fraction of fine particles, leading to small and heterogeneous pores in the filter cake. Limited crystal growth was identified as the main cause of the unfavorable filtration behavior.
A robust test for equal predictive accuracy
(2026) Demetrescu, Matei; Hanck, Christoph; Hoga, Yannick
This paper studies what we call a "robust" Diebold–Mariano type test. The unique feature of our test is that - even in the absence of any knowledge of the forecasting method - it is robust to estimation noise in the forecasts, i.e., size is kept irrespective of estimation effects induced by model fitting. We obtain this feature by a test statistic that is based on rolling-window means whose length is a vanishing fraction of the total evaluation sample. This leads to non-standard Gumbel limit laws. Other desirable features of our test are that it is easily robustified against time-varying volatility, and that it naturally uncovers time-varying differences in predictive ability under the alternative. Simulations demonstrate the benefits of our multiply robust implementation vis-à-vis several competitors. An empirical application to forecasts for several variables, horizons, vintages and methods from the Survey of Professional Forecasters illustrates the relevance of the new approach, allowing us to identify forecasters with superior models. Such conclusions are in fact impossible to infer by extant tests, since information on the models and estimation procedures behind the forecasts are typically proprietary and, hence, estimation effects cannot be factored out.