The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of the protective effects of low-dose sodium nitrite (SN) on oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PC12 cells. The PC12 cells were exposed to 4 h of OGD and treated with 100 μmol SN. The expression and activity of ER stress markers, including PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), transcription factor 6 (ATF6), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), as well as caspase-...

Was bedeuten Megatrends wie der Klimawandel für die Rolle von Planern? Wie verändert sich planerisches Handeln während der Aufstellung von verbindlichen Plänen? Bekannte Ideen, Verhaltens- und Denkweisen oder historische Vorläufer müssen geprüft und verändert werden, neue Verhaltensweisen und Rollenverständnisse hinzugefügt werden. Räumliche Planung als absichtsvolle und in die Zukunft gerichtete Tätigkeit in komplexen realen Situationen ist dafür auf kontextbezogene Strategien zur Reduktio...

Da der Nachhaltigkeit von Reaktionen in der Chemie immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wird, ist die Entwicklung und Implementierung neuer, nachhaltigerer Katalysator- /Lösemittelsysteme wünschenswert. Wichtige Ansätze und Konzepte auf dem Weg zu einer grüneren Chemie sind insbesondere Katalysatoren, die sich leicht von ihren Produkten trennen und damit wiederverwenden lassen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden hydrophile und damit leicht abtrennbare NHC-Gold-Komplexe synthetisiert. Um die Wasserlö...

This contribution provides a systematic literature review of Human Activity Recognition for Production and Logistics. An initial list of 1243 publications that complies with predefined Inclusion Criteria was surveyed by three reviewers. Fifty-two publications that comply with the Content Criteria were analysed regarding the observed activities, sensor attachment, utilised datasets, sensor technology and the applied methods of HAR. This review is focused on applications that use marker-based M...

Coherent optical spectroscopy such as four-wave mixing and photon echo generation deliver rich information on the energy levels involved in optical transitions through the analysis of polarization of the coherent response. In semiconductors, it can be applied to distinguish between different exciton complexes, which is a highly non-trivial problem in optical spectroscopy. We develop a simple approach based on photon echo polarimetry, in which polar plots of the photon echo amplitude are measu...

The title compound, C15H18O4, which crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, was obtained in the course of the total synthesis of curvicollides A–C and fusaequisin A. It features the relative configuration of the Western aldol part of the natural products. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the past years stem cells have been recognized as a promising source to treat a wide spectrum of human diseases. Stem cell fate of adult stem cells is mainly controlled by the stem cell microenvironment which is also called a stem cell niche. The stem cell niche is composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM), other small molecules and other cells. The extracellular matrix provides the scaffold for cell adhesion and therefore biochemical and biophysical aspects of the ECM have a huge in...

The possibility of producing profiles directly by hot extrusion of aluminum chips, normally considered as scrap, is a promising alternative to the energy-intensive remelting process. It has to be taken into account that the mechanical properties depend on the quality of the weld seams between the chips, which arise during the extrusion process. To estimate the influence of the weld seams, quasistatic and cyclic investigations were performed on chip-based profiles and finally compared with cas...

Thin film thermocouples are widely used for local temperature determinations of surfaces. However, depending on the environment in which they are used, thin film thermocouples need to be covered by a wear or oxidation resistant top layer. With regard to the utilization in wide-slit nozzles for plastic extrusion, Ni/Ni-20Cr thin film thermocouples were manufactured using direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering combined with Aluminiumnitride (AlN) and Boron-Carbonitride (BCN) thin films. On th...

Background In STEM-innovation implementation processes, PD curriculum materials are designed to support facilitators in conducting professional development. However, little is known about the facilitators’ practices in adapting PD materials. This study transfers frameworks from teachers’ curriculum adaptation to facilitators and qualitatively investigates adaptation practices of 11 expert facilitators and their underlying individual perspectives in group discussion and interviews. In the stud...

Achievement motivation is not a single construct but rather subsumes a variety of different constructs like ability self-concepts, task values, goals, and achievement motives. The few existing studies that investigated diverse motivational constructs as predictors of school students’ academic achievement above and beyond students’ cognitive abilities and prior achievement showed that most motivational constructs predicted academic achievement beyond intelligence and that students’ ability sel...

Solutions to the wave equation with constant coefficients in $\mathbb{R}^d$ ca be represented explicitly in Fourier space. We investigate a reconstruction formula, which provides an approximation of solutions $u(., t)$ to initial data $u_0(.)$ for large times. The reconstruction consists of three steps: 1) Given $u_0$, initial data for a profile equation are extracted. 2) A profile evolution equation determines the shape of the profile at time $\tau = \varepsilon^2 t$. 3) A shell reconstructi...