A color-related bias in offside judgments in professional soccer: a matter of figure-background contrast?

Wühr, Peter; Memmert, Daniel

A color-related bias in offside judgments in professional soccer: a matter of figure-background contrast?

dc.contributor.author	Wühr, Peter
dc.contributor.author	Memmert, Daniel
dc.date.accessioned	2023-06-05T11:34:46Z
dc.date.available	2023-06-05T11:34:46Z
dc.date.issued	2023-05-16
dc.description.abstract	We investigated the impact of outfit colors on the frequency of offside judgments in soccer. In a recent laboratory study, observers made more offside judgments against forwards wearing the outfit of Schalke 04 (blue shirts, white shorts) than against forwards wearing the outfit of Borussia Dortmund (yellow shirts, black shorts), when figure-background luminance contrast was higher for the former team. Here, we investigated whether a similar effect is present in real matches of the German Bundesliga. Study 1 revealed a higher offside score for Schalke 04 than for Borussia Dortmund in matches between these clubs. Studies 2–4 showed higher offside scores for teams wearing a blue/white outfit, and lower offside scores for teams wearing a yellow/black outfit, in their matches against all other Bundesliga teams. Together, results suggest that more offside judgments are made against teams of higher salience, possibly induced by differences in figure-background contrast. Notably, this color-related bias occurred in our study even though a Video-Assistant Referee (VAR) supervised the (offside) decisions of the Assistant Referees.	de
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/2003/41416
dc.identifier.uri	http://dx.doi.org/10.17877/DE290R-23259
dc.language.iso	en	de
dc.relation.ispartofseries	PLOS ONE, Band 18, Heft 5, Artikel-ID e0285500;
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	de
dc.subject.ddc	150
dc.subject.rswk	Fußball \|	de
dc.subject.rswk	Sportpsychologie \|	de
dc.subject.rswk	Sportkleidung \|	de
dc.title	A color-related bias in offside judgments in professional soccer: a matter of figure-background contrast?	de
dc.type	Text	de
dc.type.publicationtype	article	de
dcterms.accessRights	open access
eldorado.secondarypublication	true	de
eldorado.secondarypublication.primarycitation	PLOS ONE. Band 18, 2023, Heft 5, Artikel-ID e0285500	de
eldorado.secondarypublication.primaryidentifier	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285500	de