In many forecast evaluation applications, standard tests (e.g., Diebold and Mariano, 1995) as well as tests allowing for time-variation in relative forecast ability (e.g., Giacomini and Rossi, 2010) build on heteroskedasticity-and-autocorrelation consistent (HAC) covariance estimators. Yet, the finite-sample performance of these asymptotics is often poor. "Fixed-b" asymptotics (Kiefer and Vogelsang, 2005), used to account for long-run variance estimation, improve finitesample performance...

The project ‘Preventive Arms Control for Small and Very Small Armed Aircraft and Missiles’ investigates the properties of ever smaller aircraft and missiles. This project report no. 1 covers the status of aircraft worldwide, including relevant unarmed vehicles but excluding hobby aircraft. Small and very small aircraft are defined by size: below 2 m and below 0.2 m, respectively. After an elementary introduction into aerodynamics a technical overview is given, looking at airframe configu...

Environmental temperature has a well-conserved effect on the pulse velocity and excitability of excitable biological systems. The consistency suggests that the cause originates from a fundamental principle. A physical (hydrodynamic) approach has proposed that the thermodynamic state of the hydrated interface (e.g., plasma membrane) determines the pulse behavior. This implies that the temperature effect happens because the environmental temperature affects the state of the interface in any giv...

In this paper, we prove that Hennessy–Milner Logic (HML), despite its structural limitations, is sufficiently expressive to specify an initial property φ0 and a characteristic invariant χI for an arbitrary finite-state process P such that φ0∧AG(χI) is a characteristic formula for P. This means that a process Q, even if infinite state, is bisimulation equivalent to P iff Q⊨φ0∧AG(χI). It follows, in particular, that it is sufficient to check an HML formula for each state of a finite-state proce...

Population means and standard deviations are the most common estimands to quantify effects in factorial layouts. In fact, most statistical procedures in such designs are built toward inferring means or contrasts thereof. For more robust analyses, we consider the population median, the interquartile range (IQR) and more general quantile combinations as estimands in which we formulate null hypotheses and calculate compatible confidence regions. Based upon simultaneous multivariate central limit...

Since the seminal contribution of Clive W.J. Granger that introduced the concept of cointegration, the modeling of multivariate (economic) time series with models and methods that allow for unit roots and cointegration has become standard econometric practice with applications ranging from macroeconomics through finance to climate science. With some early exceptions most authors focus on the VAR framework, most notably Johaansen who developed vector error correction models for the empirically...

Das LHCb Experiment am Large Hadron Collier am CERN wird momentan für die nächste Datennahme verändert und modernisiert. Die instantane Luminosität wird um einen Faktor fünf erhöht, damit mehr Daten in kürzerer Zeit aufgenommen werden können. Die erste Stufe der Datennahme, der Hardwaretrigger, wird entfernt. LHCb muss nun eine Kollisionsrate von 30MHz in Echtzeit verarbeiten. In dieser Arbeit werden drei Projekte vorgestellt,die signifikant zu der Entwicklung eines schnellen und effizienten...

The complex system environment of data processing applications makes it very challenging to achieve high resource efficiency. In this thesis, we develop solutions that improve resource efficiency at multiple system levels by focusing on three scenarios that are relevant—but not limited—to database management systems. First, we address the challenge of understanding complex systems by analyzing memory access characteristics via efficient memory tracing. Second, we leverage information about me...

Research to date on the effects of between-school tracking on inequalities in achievement and on performance has been inconclusive. A possible explanation is that different studies used different data, focused on different domains, and employed different measures of inequality. To address this issue, we used all accumulated data collected in the three largest international assessments—PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Stud...

In this thesis we develop a basic convergence result for an adaptive symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin discretisation for the Biharmonic problem which provides convergence without rates for arbitrary polynomial degree r≥2, all practically relevant marking strategies and all penalty parameters assuring coercivity of the method. We have to deal with the problem that the spaces consisting of piecewise polynomial functions may possibly contain no proper C^1-conforming subspace. ...

Zur Untersuchung der Beschaffenheit von Lichtbogenfehlern in 48 V Kfz-Bordnetzen und für die Simulation der elektrischen, und gegebenenfalls funktionalen, Auswirkungen wird in dieser Arbeit ein neues Lichtbogenmodell entworfen, welches die in dieser Arbeit analysierten und definierten Anforderungen an Lichtbogenmodelle für Simulationen in 48 V Kfz-Bordnetzen erfüllen kann. Dieses Lichtbogenmodell kann mit Modellen von Bordnetzen kombiniert und so für die Analyse von fehlerhaften Bordnetzen ve...

Ambitionierte klimapolitische Ziele und steigende Energiepreise führen dazu, dass das Bauen im Bestand und energetische Sanierungen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Kassettenprofilfassaden aus der Anfangszeit dieser Bauweise eignen sich u. a. wegen ihrer aus heutiger Sicht schlechten Wärmeschutzeigenschaften in besonderem Maße für eine energetische Sanierung. Ihr modularer Aufbau erlaubt eine Sanierung ohne vollständigen Rückbau der Bestandsfassade, sodass Ressourcen geschont und Nutzungsausf...

Kinder und Jugendliche befinden sich in einer Wachstums- und Lernphase, nehmen in der öffentlichen Stadt- und Regionalplanung, vor allem in Anbetracht sozialräumlicher und infrastruktureller Gegebenheiten, teilweise vordringliche gesellschaftliche Rollen ein. Ein Verhindern der Abwanderung respektive eine Motivation zum Rückkehren zu schaffen ist möglich, wenn Jugendliche zu ihrer Heimat eine so große Verbindung aufbauen, dass sie dort bleiben oder zurückkommen möchten, falls sie nach ihrem S...