In the process of manufacturing various products, a larger production item is first produced and subsequently smaller parts are cut out of it. In this report we present three algorithms that find optimal positions of production pieces to be cut out of a larger production item. The algorithms are able to consider multiple quality parameters and optimize them in a given priority order. They guarantee different levels of optimality and therefore differ in their required computing time and mem...

Identifying subgroups, which respond differently to a treatment is an important part of drug development. Exploratory subgroup analyses, which have the aim to identify subgroups of patients with differential treatment effects are thus common in many randomized clinical trials. Statistically these analyses are known to be challenging the number of possible subgroups is often large, which leads to multiplicity issues. Often such subgroup analyses are also performed for early phase clinical t...

Die Synthese von Naturstoffen ist seit fast 200 Jahren eine Kerndisziplin der organischen Chemie. Dabei bieten komplexe natürliche Moleküle immer neue Herausforderungen für Chemiker und verlangen dadurch neue Lösungen. Besonders marine (Mikro-)Organismen haben sich als eine ergiebige Quelle verschiedenster chemisch wie auch biologisch interessanter Naturstoffe erwiesen. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt hauptsächlich die Totalsynthese von Belizentrin Methylester. Die Stammverbindung Beli...

This thesis is concerned with the analysis of frequentist and Bayesian regression models for data sets with a very large number of observations. Such large data sets pose a challenge when conducting regression analysis, because of the memory required (mainly for frequentist regression models) and the running time of the analysis (mainly for Bayesian regression models). I present two different approaches that can be employed in this setting. The first approach is based on random projections...

In a posteriori error analysis, the relationship between error and estimator is usually spoiled by so-called oscillation terms, which cannot be bounded by the error. In order to remedy, we devise a new approach where the oscillation has the following two properties. First, it is dominated by the error, irrespective of mesh fineness and the regularity of data and the exact solution. Second, it captures in terms of data the part of the residual that, in general, cannot be quantified with finite...

Based on a survey among more than 5,000 German households and a single-binary choice experiment in which we randomly split the respondents into two groups, this paper elicits both households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for power supply security and their willingness to accept (WTA) compensations for a reduced security level. In accord with numerous empirical studies, we find that the mean WTA value substantially exceeds the mean WTP bid, in our empirical example by a factor of 3.56. Yet, ...

Schule und Unterricht finden in der Regel in Schulklassen innerhalb einer Gruppierung von Gleichaltrigen statt. Schüler mit schweren psychischen Auffälligkeiten haben gravierende Probleme in Gruppengefügen und Gruppendynamiken und befinden sich damit in einem Teufelskreis: Sie passen nicht richtig in das Bildungssystem unserer Gesellschaft und kommen im Schulleben der bestehenden Institution Schule nicht zurecht. Mit diesen strukturellen Voraussetzungen ist schulisches Scheitern vorprogramm...

An important research topic in bioinformatics is the analysis of DNA, the molecule that encodes the genetic information of all organisms. The basis for this is sequencing, a procedure in which the sequence of DNA bases is determined. In addition to the identification of variations in the base sequence itself, advances in sequencing methods and a steady reduction in sequencing costs open up new fields of research: the analysis of functionally relevant non-base-related changes, so-called ...

In this thesis entitled Uncertainty handling in surrogate assisted optimisation of games, we started out with the goal to investigate the uncertainty in game optimisation problems, as well as to identify or develop suitable optimisation algorithms. In order to approach this problem systematically, we first created a benchmark consisting of suitable game optimisation functions (GBEA). The suitability of these functions was determined using a taxonomy that was created based on the results of a ...

This dissertation investigates the extended full-range of leadership model – including laissez-faire, transactional, transformational, and instrumental leadership – in 14 cultures. Cross-cultural leadership has increasingly attracted the attention of practitioners as well as scholars in recent years due to important challenges that international firms are facing on the global market. The aim of this dissertation is, thus, to examine cultural impacts on leader behaviors in relation to the lead...

My dissertation deals with the research areas optimization and machine learning. However, both of them are too extensive to be covered by a single person in a single work, and that is not the goal of my work either. Therefore, my dissertation focuses on interactions between these fields. On the one hand, most machine learning algorithms rely on optimization techniques. First, the training of a learner often implies an optimization. This is demonstrated by the SVM, where the weighted sum of...

In diesem Handbuch für Lehrkräfte werden alle aktuellen Tests und ihre Konstruktionen der Lernbereiche Lesen und Rechtschreiben der Plattform Levumi beschrieben . Dazu gehören Tests zur Leseflüssigkeit, zum sinnentnehmenden Lesen sowie zum Rechtschreiben. Mit diesen Instrumenten werden Veränderungen in der Lese- bzw. Rechtschreibkompetenz über kurze Zeitintervalle dokumentiert und analysiert. Alle Tests sind kompetenzorientiert, sodass sie für die Schüler/-innen individuell ausgesucht werden....

This research intends to be a contribution in fostering the interdisciplinary work on climate and energy issues with focus on buildings explicitly located in urban areas. It seeks to explore the link between urban and building physics to characterize the interdependences between outdoor and indoor climate and the impact on the resulting energy demand of buildings. The work addresses two key issues: First, it aims to understand how urban microclimates evolve hence focuses on identifying the p...

Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy is due to its steep dose gradients a promising treatment option for many cancer patients, particularly if the tumour is surrounded by critical organs. Currently, organ motion often poses an obstacle for the irradiation of tumours in the thorax or abdomen since the interference of pencil beam and tumour motion can lead to distortions of the intended dose distribution and requires dedicated motion mitigation techniques. A technique which has been recomm...

In diesem „Drehbuch für den Aufbau kommunaler Labore sozialer Innovation“ stellen wir die Meilensteine des Projektverlaufs vor, an Hand praxisnaher Schilderungen der unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen von kommunalen Laboren sozialer Innovation mit Bezug zu Zieldefinitionen, Konzeptentwicklungen, erster Umsetzung sowie Möglichkeiten der Etablierung und Verstetigung. Das Drehbuch bietet damit vor allem kommunalen Akteuren einen Orientierungsrahmen zur Entwicklung dieser Art von Innovationsinf...