The glass transitions of amorphous ices as well as of aqueous phosphoric acid solutions were reported to display very large 1H/2H isotope effects. Using dielectric spectroscopy, in both types of glassformers for equimolar protonated/deuterated mixtures an almost ideal isotope-mixing behavior rather than a bimodal relaxation is found. For the amorphous ices this finding is interpreted in terms of a glass-to-liquid rather than an orientational glass transition scenario. Based on calorimetric re...

Because organisms living in the deep sea and in the sub-seafloor must be able to cope with hydrostatic pressures up to 1000 bar and more, their biomolecular processes, including ligand-binding reactions, must be adjusted to keep the associated volume changes low in order to function efficiently. Almost all organisms use organic cosolvents (osmolytes) to protect their cells from adverse environmental conditions. They counteract osmotic imbalance, stabilize the structure of proteins and maintai...

For the first time, mixed carboxylic anhydrides were accessed directly via homogeneous palladium catalysis from 1,3-butadiene and carboxylic acids. Under carbonylative telomerization conditions, the respective mixed 3,8-nonadienoic anhydrides are formed in a single reaction step with yields of up to 82%. These very reactive mixed anhydrides can then be used for consecutive reactions in a one-pot manner and selectively transfer the newly formed unsaturated C9 unit. Possible changes in the prop...

Entrepreneurship is about making decisions: whether or not to exploit a recognized opportunity, how to interact with potential customers or competitors, which financial source to pursue, how to select a team, and many more. Most of these decisions are made under circumstances of imperfect information that involves a high level of uncertainty. Coping with such circumstances requires cognitive effort. While some individuals tend towards heartfelt cognition styles with intuitive decisions, other...

Developing a numerical and algorithmic tool which accurately detects unyielded regions in yield stress fluid flow is a difficult endeavor. To address these issues, two common approaches are used to handle singular behaviour at the yield surface, i.e. the augmented Lagrangian approach and the regularization approach. Generally, solvers do not operate effectively when the regularization parameter is very small in the regularization approach. In this work, we use a formulation involving a new a...

This paper is concerned with the finite element discretization of the data driven approach according to [18] for the solution of PDEs with a material law arising from measurement data. To simplify the setting, we focus on a scalar diffusion problem instead of a problem in elasticity. It is proven that the data convergence analysis from [9] carries over to the finite element discretization as long as H(div)-conforming finite elements such as the Raviart-Thomas element are used. As a corollary...

Student assessments matter in so many significant ways. They have a direct impact on our teaching practices and our students’ learning experiences and outcomes. They matter institutionally – in terms of how our departments participate in larger conversations about teaching practices, accountability, and funding. Finally, our assessments speak to our professionalism and teaching philosophies. The Assessment Guide is a collaborative effort of the TU Dortmund Division of Foreign Languages fa...

Anticipating and relieving congestions is an ongoing challenge for transmission system operators. Distributed grid-scale battery energy storage systems enable operators to shift power flows and remedy congestion through virtual power lines and grid boosters. This paper includes battery energy storage systems in a combined preventive and curative congestion management optimization. First, it analyzes the impact of the two operational strategies in a case study of the German transmission grid. ...

Beam–column joints are the critical section of many reinforced concrete (RC) structure types in which any failure could lead to the collapse of the entire structure. This paper attempts to employ a superelastic shape memory alloy plate as an innovative and adaptive external strengthening element to rehabilitate existing concrete beam–column joints and enhance the structure’s performance. An experimentally investigated beam–column joint is used as the case study, and it is investigated numeric...

Fluid intelligence and conscientiousness are the most important predictors of school grades. In addition to this main effect, researchers have suggested that the two traits might also interact with each other in the prediction of school success. A synergistic and a compensatory form of interaction have been suggested, but past evidence has been mixed so far. Most previous studies on this subject have been cross-sectional and many of them focused on older adolescents or adults in upper seconda...

Feasibility of oxidative cleavage of methyl oleate in a homogeneous reaction, facilitating the subsequent recovery of the catalyst from a single phase, is a challenge. Using the high molecular catalyst phosphotungstic acid (2880 Da) as an affordable catalyst offers potential for membrane separation. To gain insight into side-reactions, the intermediate methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate was first applied as a model substrate. Thus, the stability of the intermediate methyl 9,10-epoxystearate and th...

When a test of attention, such as the d2 test, is repeated, performance improves. These practice benefits threaten the validity of a test because it is impossible to separate the contributions of ability and practice, respectively, to a particular result. A possible solution to this dilemma would be to determine the sources of practice effects, and to use this knowledge for constructing tests that are less prone to practice. The present study investigates the contribution of three components ...

The stability of tunnel cross passages excavated in soft soil has always been a major challenge. In recent years, new techniques based on the installation of pre-reinforcements before tunnel excavation have been developed to control excavation-induced deformation and surface settlements. In this paper, a finite element numerical simulation was conducted to study the reduction effect of an umbrella vault element modelled as a homogenized area on the deformations induced after the excavation of...