Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation evaluiert, inwiefern Ganztagsschulen gegenüber Halbtagsschulen einen Mehrwert für die Leistungsentwicklung von Schüler/-innen und den Abbau sozialer Bildungsungleichheiten bilden. Diese Wirkungen postulierten die politischen Entscheidungsträger bei der Begründung der größten Bildungsreform der letzten 20 Jahre, dem massiven Ausbau ganztägiger Beschulung in Deutschland. Konkret werden in den vier Beiträgen der Dissertation die folgenden Fragestellungen u...

We approximate the solution of the stationary Stokes equations with various conforming and nonconforming inf-sup stable pairs of finite element spaces on simplicial meshes. Based on each pair, we design a discretization that is quasi-optimal and pressure robust, in the sense that the velocity H^1-error is proportional to the best H^1-error to the analytical velocity. This shows that such a property can be achieved without using conforming and divergence-free pairs. We bound also the pressure ...

This paper studies the effect of employee representation bodies provided by management on product and process innovations. In contrast to statutory forms of co-determination such as works councils, participative practices initiated by management are not equipped with any legally granted rights at all. Such alternative forms of employee representation are far less frequently and thoroughly analyzed than works councils. We compare the effects of these co-determination institutions established v...

In clinical trials the comparison of two different populations is a frequently addressed problem. Non-linear (parametric) regression models are commonly used to describe the relationship between covariates as the dose and a response variable in the two groups. In some situations it is reasonable to assume some model parameters to be the same, for instance the placebo effect or the maximum treatment effect. In this paper we develop a (parametric) bootstrap test to establish the similarity...

Die Enzyme Acyl Protein Thioesterase 1 und 2 (APT1 und APT2) spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Depalmitoylierung verschiedener Protein in der Zelle, unter anderem deacylieren sie das Protoonkogen Ras. Damit verhindern sie die fehlerhafte Lokalisierung von Ras an internen Membranen, was die Signalweiterleitung von extraellulären Botenstoffen durch das Ras Protein an der Plasmamembran ermöglicht. Die Repalmitoylierung von Ras erfolgt am Golgi-Apparat. Die Inhibierung von APT kann diesen Zyklu...

Letztendlich ist alles Leben Nichtgleichgewichtsthermodynamik und beruht auf einem korrekten Zusammenspiel der Struktur und Dynamik biologischer Makromoleküle. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Fragestellung, inwieweit Struktur, Dynamik und damit auch die Funktionalität von Proteinen und Modellmembranen sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und durch Druckapplikation und Zugabe von Osmolyten, und somit durch Änderungen der Lösungsbedingungen, modifiziert werden können. Leben ist unter diversen extrem...

Die „Empirische Sonderpädagogik“ (ESP) wird bisher nicht in den kommerziellen Zitationsdatenbanken berücksichtigt. Zur Beurteilung ihrer wissenschaftlichen Relevanz wird daher eine Zitationsanalyse auf Basis der GoogleScholar-Datenbank durchgeführt. Dies ermöglicht den direkten Vergleich der ESP mit anderen Fachzeitschriften des sonderpädagogischen Forschungsfeldes und deckt Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten auf. Gemessen an den relativen Zitationshäufigkeiten ist die ESP absolut konkurrenzfähig: Nur...

The work presented in this thesis comprises two individual topics: While the first part presents a branching ratio measurement of the decay 𝐵0𝑠→ 𝐾0S𝐾0S, the second part discusses the author’s contribution to the simulation of the upgraded LHCb detector. To reduce systematic uncertainties, the branching ratio is measured normalised to the branching ratio ℬ(𝐵0 → 𝜙𝐾0S). The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 of 𝑝𝑝 collisions recorded at centre-of...

In the first part of this thesis, we study the informative value of time-frequency decompositions based on wavelets. In chapter 2 we address the challenge of forecasting major stock indices. For the binary classification task, we identify three wavelet filters out of fifteen, namely $D4$, $D6$ and $CF6$, which outperform the naive approach. We exemplify the performance of the forecasting algorithm by simulating a trading application in which the wavelet-based approach outperforms the naive st...

The ability to measure the quantum state of light is an important ingredient in the development of photonic quantum technologies such as optical quantum computing or secure quantum communication. A quantum state comprises all information one can have about a quantum system. Since quantum physics is a statistical theory, a quantum state cannot be captured with a single measurement. Therefore, usually, measurements on an ensemble of identically prepared copies of the quantum system under study ...

The mobility sector in Germany is currently exposed to great challenges and chances. On the one hand trends like urbanization and a high degree of individual traffic lead to difficulties in reaching an efficient and sustainable mobility system which correspondents with national and international climate targets. On the other hand the current personal mobility system struggles to exploit the opportunities that are given by the trend of digitalization. Against this background, the examination o...

Photochromic [Pd2L4] coordination cages based on dithienylethene (DTE) ligands L allow triggering guest uptake and release by irradiation with light of different wavelengths. The process involves four consecutive electrocyclic reactions to convert all chromophores between their open and closed photoisomeric forms. So far, guest affinity of the fully switched species was elucidated, but mechanistic details concerning the intermediate steps remained elusive. Now, a new member of the DTE cage fa...

In this paper we investigate an indirect regression model characterized by the Radon transformation. This model is useful for recovery of medical images obtained by computed tomography scans. The indirect regression function is estimated using a series estimator motivated by a spectral cut-off technique. Further, we investigate the empirical process of residuals from this regression, and show that it satsifies a functional central limit theorem.

Lithium, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor, prevents cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome, but there is limited data exploring the interaction between lithium and cannabinoid system on memory processes. The present study aimed to test the interaction between dorsal hippocampal (CA1 region) cannabinoid system and lithium on spatial memory in rats. Spatial memory was assessed in Morris Water Maze (MWM) apparatus by a single training session of eight trials. The results showed that...

Many herbs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possess not only therapeutic efficacy, but also toxicity towards normal tissues. The herbal toxicities occasionally cause serious adverse events or even fatal poisoning due to the erroneous use of TCM herbs. Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli) is such an herb with its toxic ingredient, aconites. Aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine are the main toxic components of Fuzi, which are hydrolyzed into non-toxic derivatives by water d...