Shrinking cities through a cultural kaleidoscope: how participatory culture drives collaborative governance?

Abstract

This thesis expands the understanding of urban culture's role in the governance of shrinking cities, based on case studies in Riga and Oberhausen. It moves beyond the traditional view of urban culture as merely a tool for economic and physical regeneration, highlighting its importance for urban governance. A typology is introduced, categorizing urban culture into institutional, traditional (folklore), and participatory forms. The latter shows the greatest potential for local governments to foster community development, strengthen civil society, and improve interdepartmental communication. However, participatory culture must first be recognized by local governments, especially those in strategic departments. Strong formal institutions, such as sociocultural centers or cultural NGOs, are essential for its integration into governance. Collaborative networks between local governments and third-sector organizations are vital, offering mutual support and sustainability, particularly in resource-constrained environments. The findings offer recommendations for shrinking cities, suggesting that culture provides a wide range of strategies to improve quality of life in shrinking cities. The thesis emphasizes that local governments should be aware of the types of culture they engage with, and the networks formed around them. Collaborations with the private sector tend to focus on economic outcomes, while partnerships with cultural NGOs and neighborhood associations promote civic empowerment and community development. Municipalities should allocate resources wisely across different cultural institutions to harness these benefits effectively.