Transport services and mobility behavior in the Ruhr region. An analysis of the potential for system transformation and behavior change from the provider’s perspective

Abstract

Mobility is a key factor in shaping sustainable urban development, yet many regions face challenges in transforming their transportation systems to meet modern demands. Despite advancements in technology and growing awareness of environmental concerns, car usage remains disproportionately high in several metropolitan areas. Understanding the structural characteristics and governance factors influencing mobility systems is crucial for identifying effective pathways for transformation. The Ruhr region exemplifies these challenges with its unique metropolitan structure and reliance on cars despite its dense population and extensive public transport network. While research on mobility behavior exists, much of it centers around user perspectives, often neglecting provider-side dynamics and governance levels. This article addresses this gap by examining the transformation of the Ruhr region’s transportation system from the perspective of mobility providers and public authorities. Through expert interviews with representatives from these institutions, the study explores potential changes and transformation paths while linking provider-related factors to established behavioral theories. The analysis differentiates between governance levels for the article to offer actionable recommendations for stakeholders. From the providers’ perspective, public transportation requires greater flexibility, improved acceptance, and a revision of funding and coordination structures away from mere profit orientation. Surveying and incorporating travelers’ individual needs and contexts into service design could foster acceptance among users. Additionally, integrating sharing and on-demand solutions within a synchronized public transport framework could improve flexibility. These services should not be treated as isolated components but as integral elements of a holistic transformation focused on evolving usage practices within the mobility system.