Eldorado - Repositorium der TU Dortmund
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Aktuellste Veröffentlichungen
Item type:Item, Real-time analysis for studies of charge parity and lepton flavour violation in b-meson decays at LHCb(2026) Gooding, James Andrew; Albrecht, Johannes; Kröninger, KevinTrigger systems of high energy physics experiments are crucial to the processing of the immense quantities of data produced from particle collisions. The LHCb experiment underwent a major upgrade between Runs 2 and 3 of the LHC, in which the trigger system was redeveloped from a hardware-and software-based model to an entirely software-based model. This thesis presents measurements with proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment for both of these models, and the commissioning of the software-based trigger. The first ever measurement of the time-integrated untagged CP asymmetry in the decay of Bs0 -> Ds- pi+, <A^s_untagged>, is presented, performed with of 5.4 fb^-1 of data recorded in 2016-18. The measured values in the Ds- -> h- h+ pi- decay modes of the Ds-, are consistent with the Standard Model of particle physics, down to a precision of O(10^-3). An ongoing measurement of the lepton flavour universality ratio in B+ -> J/psi(l+ l-) K+ decays, r_J/psi, using 4.5 fb^-1 data recorded in 2024 is then presented. This measurement validates the techniques used to evaluate efficiencies and data-simulation differences on these newest datasets, ahead of analyses in the rare B+ -> K+ l+ l- decay modes. The impact of removing the hardware trigger is discussed throughout the thesis; the realisation of the anticipated improvements in trigger efficiencies is demonstrated explicitly.Item type:Item, Funktionalisierung und Weiterentwicklung cyclischer Silicium-basierter Fluorid-Akzeptoren für die Anwendung in der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET)(2025) Bittermann, Jens; Krause, Norbert; Jurkschat, KlausDie Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) gehört zu den wichtigsten nicht invasiven Bildgebungsverfahren der modernen Nuklearmedizin. Sie findet Anwendung in der Diagnostik, Behandlung und Wirkstoffentwicklung und bietet Möglichkeiten zur morphologischen und funktionellen Darstellung von Gewebe. Für die Anwendung werden Radiopharmazeutika benötigt, die den Patienten intravenös verabreicht werden. Sie enthalten einen radioaktiven Tracer der durch seinen Zerfall innerhalb des Gewebes die Aufnahme der PET-Bilder ermöglicht. Unter den verschiedenen Radiotracern sind die Silicium-basierten Fluorid-Akzeptoren (SiFAs) eine neue Verbindungsklasse, welche durch Isotopenaustauschreaktionen radioaktiv markiert werden können. Innerhalb der SiFA-Verbindungen wurden vor kurzem neuartige CycloSiFA-Verbindungen entwickelt, welche das Gebiet aktueller Forschungen bilden. Diese enthalten eine Si-N-Bindung und lassen sich unter Ringöffnung markieren, wobei das Gleichgewicht des Isotopenaustauschs umgangen wird. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Weiterentwicklung der CycloSiFA-Verbindungen. Im Fokus liegt insbesondere die Funktionalisierung der benzylischen Derivate, da diese ein größeres Potential zur einfachen Modifikation mit funktionellen Gruppen haben. Dabei gelang sowohls die Optimierung der Syntheseroute, als auch die Darstellung von 13 neuen benzylischen CycloSiFA-Derivaten. Abseits der Funktionalisierung gelang auch ein Einbau polarer Gruppen in die Moleküle, um die nachteilige Lipophilie der CycloSiFAs herabzusetzen. Anschließend konnten CycloSiFA-Konjugate mit einem Vorläufer eines biologisch aktiven Moleküls entwickelt und mittels Kupfer-katalysierter Azid-Alkin-Cycloaddition synthetisiert werden. Darüber hinaus wurde eine mögliche Darstellung von sechsgliedrigen CycloSiFA-Verbindungen untersucht. Dabei wurde versucht, die Syntheseroute der fünfgliedrigen Derivate beizubehalten. Abseits der cyclischen Verbindungen konnte außerdem die Synthese der ersten zwitterionischen SiFA-Verbindung realisiert werden, welche die Hydrophilie deutlich erhöht und so Zugang zu neuen Radiotracern bieten sollte.Item type:Item, Incorporating sufficient physical information into artificial neural networks(2024-02-19) Geuken, Gian-Luca; Mosler, Jörn; Kurzeja, PatrickThe concept of Rao-Blackwellization is employed to improve predictions of artificial neural networks by physical information. The error norm and the proof of improvement are transferred from the original statistical concept to a deterministic one, using sufficient information on physics-based conditions. The proposed strategy is applied to material modeling and illustrated by examples of the identification of a yield function, the identification of driving forces for quasi-brittle damage and rubber experiments. Sufficient physical information is employed, e.g., in the form of invariants, parameters of a minimization problem, isotropy and differentiability. It is proven how intuitive accretion of information can yield improvement if it is physically sufficient, but also how insufficient or superfluous information can cause impairment. Opportunities for the improvement of artificial neural networks are explored in terms of the training data set, the networks’ structure and output filters. Even crude initial predictions are remarkably improved by reducing noise, overfitting and data requirements.Item type:Item, Improvements in charged lepton and photon propagation for the software PROPOSAL(2024-05-15) Alameddine, Jean-Marco; Albrecht, Johannes; Dembinski, Hans; Gutjahr, Pascal; Kampert, Karl-Heinz; Rhode, Wolfgang; Sackel, Maximilian; Sandrock, Alexander; Soedingrekso, JanAccurate particle simulations are essential for the next generation of experiments in astroparticle physics. The Monte Carlo simulation library PROPOSAL is a flexible tool to efficiently propagate high-energy leptons and photons through large volumes of media, for example in the context of underground observatories. It is written as a C++ library, including a Python interface. In this paper, the most recent updates of PROPOSAL are described, including the addition of electron, positron, and photon propagation, for which new interaction types have been implemented. This allows the usage of PROPOSAL to simulate electromagnetic particle cascades, for example in the context of air shower simulations. The precision of the propagation has been improved by including rare interaction processes, new photonuclear parametrizations, deflections in stochastic interactions, and the possibility of propagating in inhomogeneous density distributions. Additional technical improvements regarding the interpolation routine and the propagation algorithm are described.Item type:Item, Hydrophobic interactions described using hetero-segmented PC-SAFT(2024-04-09) Rother, Marius; Sadowski, GabrieleThe hydrophobic effect plays a central role in aqueous systems containing molecules with hydrophobic moieties. Despite the relevance of this effect for chemical processes or pharmaceutical applications, modeling remains challenging even using molecular-based models such as different versions of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory. This work shows the feasibility of hetero-segmented PC-SAFT for this purpose. This model was used as a group contribution method to build molecules from different functional groups, namely from CH2, CH3, and CH2OH groups. Saturated-liquid densities and vapor pressures of n-alkanes and n-alcohols as well as binary mixtures of these molecules were accurately described by this approach. The description of aqueous mixtures containing n-alkanes and n-alcohols was improved compared to state-of-the-art modeling by explicitly accounting for intermolecular interactions resulting in the hydrophobic effect. The so-obtained framework describes the two liquid−liquid equilibrium phases in mixtures of n-alkanes or n-alcohols with water equally well using a single set of transferable parameters. The model was also validated for vapor–liquid equilibria, solid–liquid equilibria, infinite-dilution properties, as well as octanol/water partition coefficients and showed quantitative agreement with experimental data.
