Eldorado - Repository of the TU Dortmund
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Predicting later advanced language and metacognitive skills from initiations of joint interaction and communicative goals in earlier development
(2025) Crawshaw, Camilla; Ritterfeld, Ute; Lüke, Carina
Diese kumulative Dissertation untersuchte die Fähigkeiten von Kindern in Bezug auf Gestik, Sprache, Theory of Mind (ToM) und Metaphernverständnis im Rahmen einer umfassenderen Längsschnittstudie, wobei sowohl Längsschnitt- als auch Querschnittsperspektiven berücksichtigt und etwaige Sprachentwicklungsverzögerungen untersucht wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Fähigkeit, im Alter von 12 Monaten gezielt mit dem Zeigefinger zu zeigen, das Metaphernverständnis der Kinder 8 Jahre später direkt vorhersagen konnte. Dieses frühe Zeigen mit dem Zeigefinger konnte indirekt einige Sprachfähigkeiten, ToM und Metaphernverständnis im Alter von 9 Jahren über zwei Mediationswege (Verständnis ikonischer Gesten und Sprachfähigkeiten im Alter von 3 Jahren) vorhersagen. Kinder, die ‚Late Talkers‘ waren, zeigten in einigen Sprachmessungen, im fortgeschrittenen ToM und im Metaphernverständnis unterschiedliche Leistungen. Das frühe Erzeugen und Verstehen von Gesten könnte somit nicht nur die Entwicklung der Sprachfähigkeiten von Kindern unterstützen und fördern, sondern auch ihre Fähigkeiten zum ToM und zum Metaphernverständnis.
Traces of gravity
(2025) Krieg, Sara; Päs, Heinrich; Hiller, Gudrun
The guiding idea of this thesis is to investigate how subtle traces of gravity manifest themselves across different scales. First, we examine whether the Cohen, Kaplan and Nelson (CKN) bound can form the basis of a consistent cosmological model and whether such a model is favored by observational data, in particular the recent baryonic acoustic oscillation measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. Taking into
account additional late-universe measurements, there is a mild preference for the (𝜈)CKN model over the standard 𝛬CDM scenario with cold dark matter and a cosmological constant. However, once weak lensing and cosmological microwave background data are included and the early-time dynamics are accounted for, the resulting bounds on the model parameter 𝜈 restrict the (𝜈)CKN model to a regime in which the (𝜈)CKN framework is observationally indistinguishable from 𝛬CDM. Second, we develop an internal wave packet formalism for neutrino oscillations in weakly curved spacetimes. Gravitational corrections appear as phase modifications, but these effects lie far beyond current experimental sensitivity. Importantly, if deviations from expected oscillation patterns are observed, classical gravity can be ruled out as their source, thereby pointing to new physics beyond the Standard Model, such as quantum gravity. Finally, we employ the open quantum system framework to model Quantum Gravity (QG)-induced decoherence of high-energy neutrinos and perform a sensitivity analysis using IceCube data. Using current experimental data we also derive bounds on the damping parameter 𝛾0 for different energy scalings and obtain the first constraints for scenarios involving additional dark fermions.
Foldseek reveals a CBGA prenylating enzyme GlyMa_02G168000 from Glycine max
(2024-01-04) Jordan, Erin Noel; Schmidt, Christina; Kayser, Oliver
The present research provides an application for an aromatic prenyltransferase from Glycine max for use in heterologous microorganism expression to generate cannabinoids. The known cannabinoid prenyltransferase CsPT04 was queried in FoldSeek. An enzyme derived from Glycine max known as GLYMA_02G168000, which is a predicted homogentisate solanyltransferase, was identified and found to have affinity for the prenylation of geranyldiphosphate (GPP) and olivetolic acid (OA) to produce cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabigerol (CBG). The in vitro production of CBGA was accomplished through the heterologous expression of this prenyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After growing the yeast cells, a purified microsomal fraction was harvested, which was rich in the membrane-bound prenyltransferase GlyMa_02G168000. Addition of purified microsomal fraction to a reaction matrix facilitated the successful prenylation of externally supplied OA with GPP, culminating in the production of CBGA. Structural comparisons revealed a notably closer similarity between GLYMA_02G168000 and CsPT04, compared to the similarity of other cannabinoid prenyltransferases with CsPT04. Herein, a novel application for a homogentisate solanyltransferase has been established towards the production of cannabinoids.
Effect of the TiSiN interlayer properties on the adhesion and mechanical properties of multilayered TiSiCN thin films
(2024-01-26) Tillmann, Wolfgang; Urbanczyk, Julia; Thewes, Alexander; Bräuer, Günter; Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe
The interlayer design is crucial in optimizing the adhesion of TiSiCN thin films on tool steel. Thus, Ti/TiN/TiSiN interlayer systems were deposited varying the TiSiN interlayer bias voltages (−100 V, −150 V, −200 V) in a magnetron sputtering process to investigate the influence on the mechanical properties and adhesion of the TiSiCN top layer with different thicknesses.
A higher bias voltage densifies the TiSiN interlayer structure, thereby increasing its residual stresses (0.11 GPa to 1.46 GPa) and hardness (28.1 GPa to 34.9 GPa). This occurs without affecting the columnar-like microstructure of the TiSiCN top layer and its hardness (25.9 GPa to 29.1 GPa for t = 1.0 μm, 22.6 GPa to 24.8 GPa for t = 2.3 μm). Adhesion classification by Rockwell C indentation of TiSiN declined from HF2 to HF4 due to increased residual stresses, impacting TiSiCN top layer adhesion with a similar deterioration. Scratch tests revealed reduced critical loads Lc2 and Lc3 for the TiSiN interlayer system and also for TiSiCN top layers. The highest critical loads were observed for TiSiCN (1.0 μm) and TiSiCN (2.3 μm) with TiSiN interlayer deposited at a bias voltage of −100 V, measuring (64.4 ± 4.5) N and (73.4 ± 8.3) N for Lc2, and (57.4 ± 5.3) N and (71.6 ± 4.5) N for Lc3, respectively. Increasing bias voltage decreases Lc2 and Lc3 to (23.2 ± 4.5) N and (50.20 ± 2.2) N for TiSiCN (1.0 μm), and (21.4 ± 4.5) N and (58.0 ± 3.6) N for TiSiCN (2.3 μm).
Achieving high adhesion strength of TiSiCN multilayered system requires minimizing the residual stress differences between the layers. Therefore, when designing a complex multilayer structure for TiSiCN thin films, careful consideration of the stress state among the layers is crucial, which is achieved by adjusting the bias voltage.
Expanding the boundaries of digital orientation research: scale development and validation
(2024-08-21) Kindermann, Bastian; Schmidt, Corinna Vera Hedwig; Fengel, Florian; Strese, Steffen
Firms keep struggling to realize the benefits of digital transformation processes. Research, therefore, proposes implementing a firm-wide organizational configuration with a digital orientation (DO) fostering digital innovation and transformation initiatives. However, exploration of DO remains somewhat constrained as existing measurement approaches are limited to secondary data. In this study, we develop a new scale to measure DO, specifically in survey-based research. Leveraging survey data from 1,488 top executives of German companies and drawing on the resource-based view, we empirically validate that our scale captures the performance-enhancing effects of DO.