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Aktuellste Veröffentlichungen

Mapping the margins: a systematic scoping review of the impact of digital mapping on public participation in informal settlements
(Elsevier BV, 2024-04-04) Américo da Silva, Alan; Kormann da Silva, Iasmin Fernanda; Westerholt, René
Informal areas in the Global South are still relatively under-researched. This is partly due to the difficulties associated with accessing these areas, especially when it comes to more complex research topics such as understanding the daily lives of residents and other phenomena that are difficult to measure from the outside or purely through data. In planning, access to informal areas is relevant not only for research, but also for civic participation. The latter has become mainstream in recent years, leading to a growing body of literature on participatory planning. Participation typically involves some form of data collection and, since much data is spatial, mapping, most of which is now done digitally. However, little is known about the interface between digital mapping (in the sense of geodata acquisition involved in wider participatory mapping activities) and participation in informal contexts. This review explores that interface. The collected corpus of articles was assembled according to a rigorous protocol and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The results show that digital mapping has so far resulted in relatively little additional direct participation by affected residents. However, the results show a number of side effects that have a positive impact on the involvement of informal area residents in the political planning process. We also note that the relevant studies often focus on a few select countries per continent, which may have an impact on the transferability of the results published in the literature. We hope that this scoping review will be useful to both planning researchers and practitioners.
Kynurenine pathway dysregulation as a mechanistic link between cognitive impairment and brain damage: implications for multiple sclerosis
(Elsevier BV, 2024-12-20) Kupjetz, Marie; Wences Chirino, Tiffany Y.; Joisten, Niklas; Zimmer, Philipp
Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting from inflammation-related brain damage and brain network dysfunction. Inflammation also causes dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway, which is the primary route of tryptophan metabolism. Kynurenine pathway dysregulation is characterised by a shift in concentrations of tryptophan catabolites, also referred to as kynurenines. Some kynurenines have neurotoxic effects that partly resemble the molecular mechanisms of MS pathophysiology underpinning brain damage and brain network dysfunction. The kynurenine pathway may therefore qualify as a mechanistic link between systemic inflammation, brain damage, and cognitive impairment in MS. This perspective article (1) provides an overview of inflammation-related kynurenine pathway dysregulation and MS-relevant neuroimmune properties of kynurenines and (2) summarises the current evidence on associations between systemic kynurenines, imaging metrics of brain structure or related markers, and cognitive performance in populations that present with kynurenine pathway dysregulation and are prone to cognitive impairment. These findings are used to (3) set a research agenda for future studies aimed at clarifying the role of the kynurenine pathway in brain damage and cognitive impairment in MS.
Conflicts of interest between systemic and corruptive: a conceptual compass for watchdog science journalists
(Cogitatio, 2026-08-12) Peters, Cheyenne Moon; Kreutzer, Tobias; Wormer, Holger
Watchdog science journalism is essential to scrutinise the structural and financial conditions of scientific research. As a crucial part of this system, experts play a pivotal role in shaping knowledge, guiding policy, and influencing societal decisions. Their credibility is embedded in a complex web of relationships that brings about different conflicts of interest (COIs). Yet, journalists’ ability to uncover entanglements and ensure accountability is limited by often incomplete disclosure and conceptual vagueness of what exactly constitutes a COI. Using (bio-)medical research as an example, we develop a multidimensional typology of COIs, based on an extensive review of academic literature and disclosure frameworks in science, practice, and policy-making. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive mapping of structural, social, and material factors in a single overview to date. While not all these interdependencies are inherently problematic for a functioning research system, they still require journalists to navigate them and carefully evaluate their significance. To facilitate this, the framework also serves as both a matrix and a corrective for potential AI-based systems detecting COIs. Even though transparency and critique are central to watchdog science journalism, journalists should also be careful not to undermine public trust in science generally. Conflicts have to be evaluated carefully but without portraying science funding as inherently corrupt—thus feeding narratives of science-related populism. By foregrounding the systemic nature of COIs, this perspective supports reflection on professional norms, strategies, and principled decision-making in investigative reporting—also regarding journalism’s own entanglements with individual and third-party interests.
Determinants of peer review acceptance: motivational insights from German academia
(2024-10-09) Lauer, Sabine; Wilkesmann, Uwe
This article examines how motivation affects peer review acceptance of journal manuscripts among German professors of biology, business administration, mechanical engineering, and sociology. Data collected via an online survey (March–May 2022) tested hypotheses based on self-determination theory. The results show significant discipline-specific differences. In the soft disciplines, intrinsic motivation, own manuscript submissions (reciprocity), and external motivation positively influenced peer review acceptance, while the motive to discover something new had a negative effect. In the hard disciplines, only sense of obligation to the scientific community was significant. Staff support positively influenced peer review acceptance in soft disciplines. The control variables revealed that the total number of peer review requests was positively related to acceptance. However, age, gender, departmental budget linked to publications, and academic discipline were not significant factors. These findings deepen our understanding of motivational factors in peer review and highlight important disciplinary differences.
What can urban transport policy achieve?
(Elsevier BV, 2024-01-17) Wachter, Isabelle; Holz-Rau, Christian; Heinen, Eva
Most case and comparative studies discuss urban characteristics that can hardly be influenced by urban transport policies. However, these studies do not quantify the impact of the so-called contextual factors on car ownership and car use. This paper focuses on these contextual factors and their associations with car ownership and car use. Regression models show that contextual factors - such as city size, the share of households with children and the jobs-housing balance - explain a substantial part of the variance in car ownership and car trips in 44 German cities. Residual analyses reveal that neglecting contextual factors leads to biases in comparative studies and consequently in the evaluation of urban transport policies. Thus, there is a risk that cities with favourable contextual factors may be mistakenly viewed as successful examples of transport policy, whereas successful policies in cities with less favourable contextual factors may be overlooked.