Differential effects of luteolin and its glycosides on invasion and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells

Abstract

Luteolin is known to have anticancer activity in various ca ncers. Recent studies have shown that luteolin glyco- sides, such as luteolin-8- C - β -fucopyranoside, 7-methoxy-luteolin-8-C- β -(6- deoxyxylopyranos-3-uloside) and lu- teolin-8-C- β - D -glucopyranoside, flavonoid s that are present in Arthraxon hispidus , exert antimigratory and anti- invasive effects, but no cytotoxic effect in estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells. In the present study, we further investigated and compared differential effects of luteolin and its glycosides in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Lute olin suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and inhibited migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate at non-cytotoxic concentrations (0, 5, and 10 μ M). Furthermore, at cytotoxic concentrations (20 and 40 μ M), luteolin induced apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells. However, luteolin glycosides did not exert any cytotoxic, antimigratory, or anti-invasive effect in MDA-MB-231 cells . In brief, l u- teolin had both antimetastatic and cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas luteolin glycosides had no effect on this cell line. Taking together the present results and our previous findings on the differential effects of luteolin and its glycosides on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 br east cancer cells, luteolin and its glycosides can be suggested as a potential candida te for breast cancer therapy.