Intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous endurance exercise similarly induce an anti-inflammatory environment in recreationally active runners: focus on PD-1 expression in Tregs and the IL-6/IL-10 axis
| dc.contributor.author | Proschinger, Sebastian | |
| dc.contributor.author | Schenk, Alexander | |
| dc.contributor.author | Weßels, Inga | |
| dc.contributor.author | Donath, Lars | |
| dc.contributor.author | Rappelt, Ludwig | |
| dc.contributor.author | Metcalfe, Alan J. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Zimmer, Philipp | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-02-26T10:02:51Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-02-26T10:02:51Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-06-19 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Purpose Acute exercise elicits a transient anti-inflammatory state during the early recovery period. Since recent studies reported on regimen-specific effects on immune-related humoral factors and cellular subsets, this study compared the effects of intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous exercise on peripheral anti-inflammatory cellular and humoral immune parameters with a particular focus on the PD-1 expression in CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Methods Twenty-four recreationally active runners (age: 29.7 ± 4.3 years, BMI: 22.2 ± 2.4, VO2peak: 56.6 ± 6.4 ml × kg−1 × min−1) participated in this crossover RCT. Each subject conducted a moderate continuous (MCE) and a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session in a counterbalanced design. Blood was drawn before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise. Treg subsets and levels of PD-1 and Foxp3 were assessed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA. Results PD-1 levels on Tregs increased within the recovery period after HIIE (p < .001) and MCE (p < 0.001). Total counts of Tregs (HIIE: p = 0.044; MCE: p = .021), naïve Tregs (HIIE: p < 0.001; MCE: p < 0.001), and PD-1+ effector Tregs (eTregs) (HIIE: p = .002) decreased 1 h after exercise. IL-10 increased 1 h after HIIE (p < 0.001) and MCE (p = 0.018), while IL-6 increased immediately after both HIIE (p = 0.031) and MCE (p = 0.021). Correlations between changes in IL-6 and IL-10 (p = 0.017, r = 0.379) and baseline VO2peak and Treg frequency (p = 0.002, r = 0.660) were identified. Conclusion This is the first study that investigates PD-1 expression in circulating Tregs after acute exercise, revealing an increase in PD-1 levels on eTregs during the early recovery period after intensity- and time-matched HIIE and MCE. Future studies are needed to investigate the PD-1 signalosome in eTregs, together with the expression of key effector molecules (i.e., IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35, CTLA-4) to elucidate PD-1-dependent changes in cellular function. Based on changes in serum cytokines, this study further reveals a regimen-independent establishment of an anti-inflammatory milieu and underpins the role of the IL-6/IL-10 axis. | en |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2003/43502 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.17877/DE290R-25335 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | European journal of applied physiology; 123(11) | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Regulatory T cells | en |
| dc.subject | PD-1 | en |
| dc.subject | Cytokines | en |
| dc.subject | HIIT | en |
| dc.subject.ddc | 796 | |
| dc.subject.rswk | Intervalltraining | de |
| dc.title | Intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous endurance exercise similarly induce an anti-inflammatory environment in recreationally active runners: focus on PD-1 expression in Tregs and the IL-6/IL-10 axis | en |
| dc.type | Text | |
| dc.type.publicationtype | Article | |
| dcterms.accessRights | open access | |
| eldorado.secondarypublication | true | |
| eldorado.secondarypublication.primarycitation | Proschinger, S. et al. (2023) ‘Intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous endurance exercise similarly induce an anti-inflammatory environment in recreationally active runners: focus on PD-1 expression in Tregs and the IL-6/IL-10 axis’, European journal of applied physiology, 123(11), pp. 2575–2584. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05251-y | |
| eldorado.secondarypublication.primaryidentifier | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05251-y |