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Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a spectroscopic technique to study the interaction between free electrons and the local molecular environment. Over the past 60 years, EPR instrumentation and methodology has been developed to study, for example, the structure and dynamics of proteins, chemical reactions of organic-based radicals, transition-metal chemistry, catalytic reactions, electron transfer processes, and metalloenzymes. Because of these past developments, EPR has become a p...
Hybrid quantum registers, such as electron-nuclear spin systems, have emerged as promising hardware for implementing quantum information and computing protocols in scalable systems. Nevertheless, the coherent control of such systems still faces challenges. Particularly, the lower gyromagnetic ratios of the nuclear spins cause them to respond slowly to control fields, resulting in gate times that are generally longer than the coherence time of the electron. Here, we demonstrate a scheme for ci...
Initializing quantum registers with high fidelity is a fundamental precondition for many applications like quantum information processing and sensing. The electronic and nuclear spins of a Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond form an interesting hybrid quantum register that can be initialized by a combination of laser, microwave, and radio-frequency pulses. However, the laser illumination, which is necessary for achieving electron spin polarization, also has the unwanted sideeffect of depo...
This thesis aims to further the understanding of the two-photon interaction dynamic in bulk direct semiconductors in an electronically excited state. The central goal is to assess the practicability of controlling the two-photon transition strength using an ultrafast all-optical scheme and ultimately identify the key parameters and requirements necessary to observe degenerate two-photon gain in these media. Here, a transfer of stimulated two-photon emission to the semiconductor medium is very...
This work will focus on the characterization of different dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) that are used in analytical applications. These discharges are primarily used as ion sources that provide charged species for the subsequent detection with atmospheric mass spectrometers (MS) or ion mobility spectrometers (IMS). The main method of investigation for the DBDs will be based on optical methods such as temporally-, spatially-, and spectrally-resolved optical emission spectroscopy (TSSROES...
Die Messung flüchtiger toxischer Elemente in kleinen Konzentrationen ist von großer Bedeutung im Bereich der analytischen Chemie. Eine Methode dabei ist die optische Emissionsspektrometrie an dielektrisch behinderten Plasmen. Dabei wird der gasförmige Analyt in das Plasma eingeleitet, dissoziiert und anschließend angeregt. Die Intensität des ausgesendeten Lichts ist dann proportional zur Konzentration des Analyten im Plasma. Die Mechanismen bei der Interaktion zwischen dem Plasma und dem Anal...
Analyzing and characterizing mechanical properties of polymers is a vast field of research. In this thesis, linear and nonlinear rheological investigations have been used to study the relaxation behavior of various glass-forming liquids. In simple (non-associating and non-polymeric) liquids, the microscopic flow behavior is associated to the mass transport which is defined by the dynamics of the molecules and therefore the structural relaxation. This is usually discussed in the literatur...
In this review on advanced biomolecular EPR spectroscopy, which addresses both the EPR and NMR communities, considerable emphasis is put on delineating the complementarity of NMR and EPR regarding the measurement of interactions and dynamics of large molecules embedded in fluid-solution or solid-state environments. Our focus is on the characterization of protein structure, dynamics and interactions, using sophisticated EPR spectroscopy methods. New developments in pulsed microwave and sweepab...
The World Health Organization has been listing cardiovascular disease and its sequelae as one of the leading causes of death worldwide for several years in its annual report. In general this includes all disease that originates from the vascular system and / or from the heart. Due to the high patient rate, there is great interest in researching the exact processes and effects of the diseases on the tissue as well as on the flow behavior. These can be used to develop therapeutic options, but a...
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, an Hand von nichtlinearer optischer Spektroskopie, Informationen über fundamentale Zustände in Halbleiter-Materialien zu erhalten. Bei diesen Zuständen handelt es sich um Anregungen von Elektron-Loch Quasiteilchen, den sogenannten Exzitonen. Diese treten im Energiebereich unterhalb der Bandlücke des Materials auf und dominieren dort die optischen Eigenschaften. Im Unterschied zur linearen Optik geschieht die Anregung in der nichtlinearen Optik durch zwei...
Graphene-ferromagnet interfaces possess remarkable properties like induced magnetism in the graphene film, increased magnetic anisotropy in the ferromagnetic film, and chiral magnetism. Previously, the graphene-ferromagnet interface was investigated mainly on metallic substrates. Yet, silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising graphene substrate due to its semi-insulating properties and its industrial relevance. This thesis investigates for the first time the intercalation of thin cobalt films...
Voltage control of ferromagnetism on the nanometer scale is highly appealing for the development of novel electronic devices with low power consumption, high operation speed, reliable reversibility and compatibility with semiconductor technology. Hybrid structures based on the assembly of ferromagnetic and semiconducting building blocks are expected to show magnetic order as a ferromagnet and to be electrically tunable as a semiconductor. Here, we demonstrate the electrical control of the exc...
We report on the fabrication and characterization of a novel magnetophotonic structure designed as iron garnet based magneto-optical nanoresonator cavity constrained by two noble metal mirrors. Since the iron garnet layer requires annealing at high temperatures, the fabrication process can be rather challenging. Special approaches for the protection of metal layers against oxidation and morphological changes along with a special plasma-assisted polishing of the iron garnet layer surface were ...
The effects of exchange coupling on magnetic switching properties of all-garnet multilayer thin film structures are investigated. All-garnet structures are fabricated by sandwiching a magneto-soft material of composition type Bi1.8Lu1.2Fe3.6Al1.4O12 or Bi3Fe5O12:Dy2O3 in between two magneto-hard garnet material layers of composition type Bi2Dy1Fe4Ga1O12 or Bi2Dy1Fe4Ga1O12:Bi2O3. The fabricated RF magnetron sputtered exchange-coupled all-garnet multilayers demonstrate a very attractive combina...
The sensitive detection of different biochemical species is of great interest both for the fundamental research and for practical applications concerning the disease diagnostics and drug screening. The high demand in selective, sensitive, fast and low-cost diagnostic techniques has resulted in the rapid development of various-types biochemical sensors (biosensors). Being analytical devices for the qualitative or/and quantitative determination of biological targets, biosensors usually consist ...
In this work, several types of biosensors are fabricated, characterized, and utilized for the reliable and accurate detection of speci c biomolecules that playing a crucial role in biochemical processes inside the human organism. During the work, di erent types of biosensing techniques, including whispering-gallerymode (WGM) resonators and eld-e ect transistors (FETs), as well as electrolyteinsulator- semiconductor (EIS) sensors were introduced and used as highly sensitive tools to stu...
Coherent optical spectroscopy such as four-wave mixing and photon echo generation deliver rich information on the energy levels involved in optical transitions through the analysis of polarization of the coherent response. In semiconductors, it can be applied to distinguish between different exciton complexes, which is a highly non-trivial problem in optical spectroscopy. We develop a simple approach based on photon echo polarimetry, in which polar plots of the photon echo amplitude are measu...
In der heutigen Zeit werden komplexe Probleme zumeist durch aufwendige Algorithmen und unter Zuhilfenahme fortgeschrittener Computersysteme gelöst, die jedoch insofern limitiert sind, als dass sie nur eine gewisse Komplexität im Bezug auf die Größe der zu lösenden Probleme erlauben. Steigt der Rechenaufwand nichtlinear mit der Zahl der Eingabeparameter, so kommen selbst hochmoderne Technologien an ihre Grenzen. Eine Alternative zur Berechnung komplexer Probleme ist das Maßschneidern eines phy...
The lead halide perovskites demonstrate huge potential for optoelectronic applications, high energy radiation detectors, light emitting devices and solar energy harvesting. Those materials exhibit strong spin-orbit coupling enabling efficient optical orientation of carrier spins in perovskite-based devices with performance controlled by a magnetic field. Here we show that elaborated time-resolved spectroscopy involving strong magnetic fields can be successfully used for perovskites. We perfor...