Energy-aware design of hardware and software for ultra-low-power systems
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Date
2019
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Abstract
Future visions of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0
demand for large scale deployments of mobile devices while removing
the numerous disadvantages of using batteries: degradation, scale, weight,
pollution, and costs. However, this requires computing platforms with extremely
low energy consumptions, and thus employ ultra-low-power hardware, energy
harvesting solutions, and highly efficient power-management hardware and
software.
The goal of these power management solutions is to either achieve power
neutrality, a condition where energy harvest and energy consumption equalize
while maximizing the service quality, or to enhance power efficiency for
conserving energy reserves. To reach these goals, intelligent power-management
decisions are needed that utilize precise energy data.
This thesis discusses the measurement of energy in embedded systems, both
online and by external equipment, and the utilization of the acquired data for
modeling the power consumption states of each involved hardware component.
Furthermore, a method is shown to use the resulting models by instrumenting
preexisting device drivers.
These drivers enable new functionalities, such as online energy accounting and
energy application interfaces, and facilitate intelligent power management
decisions.
In order to reduce additional efforts for device driver reimplementation and
the violation of the separation of concerns paradigm, the approach shown
in this thesis synthesizes instrumentation aspects for an
aspect oriented programming language, so that the original device-driver
source code remains unaffected.
Eventually, an automated process of energy measurement and data
analysis is presented. This process is able to yield precise energy models
with low manual effort. In combination with the instrumentation synthesis of
aspect code, this method enables an accelerated creation process for energy
models of ultra-low-power systems. For all proposed methods,
empirical accuracy and overhead measurements are presented.
To support the claims of the author, first practical energy aware and
wireless-radio networked applications are showcased: An energy-neutral light
sensor, a photovoltaic-powered seminar-room door plate, and a sensor network
experiment testbed for research and education.
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Keywords
Embedded, Iot, Internet of things, Industry 4.0, Wireless sensor networks, Energy, Efficiency, Harvesting, Energy measurement, Ultra low power, System design, Device drivers, Operating systems