Textilien der Nasca-Kultur aus archäologischen Grabungen des Nasca-Palpa Projekts in Süd-Peru
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Date
2021
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Abstract
An der Südküste Perus, in der Zentralregion der Nasca-Kultur (200 v. Chr. – 650 n. Chr.)
konnten im Rahmen des Nasca-Palpa Projekts, unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Markus
Reindel und Dr. Johny Isla Cuadrado, an drei Fundorten Textilien geborgen werden:
Innerhalb zweier Siedlungen, die durchgängig über einen langen Zeitraum bewohnt und in
einzelnen Bereichen zeitenweise als Gräberfelder genutzt wurden; sowie an einer dritten
Fundstelle, einem Kultgebäude im Bereich einer Geoglyphe.
Sämtliche Textilfragmente wurden gleichwertig und bis ins kleinste Detail dokumentiert und
auf der Basis der textiltechnischen Kriterien bearbeitet. Dabei können die Textilien mithilfe
der archäologischen Feindaten verschiedenen Fundkontexten zugeordnet werden: Innerhalb
der Siedlungen konnten Funde aus Grabzusammenhängen verschiedener Zeiten, Grabformen
und Siedlungsbereichen gegenübergestellt werden; parallel dazu liegen erstmalig Textilfunde
aus kompakten Siedlungsschichten sämtlicher Nasca-Phasen vor, die nun Rückschlüsse über
den Alltag der Nasca-Bevölkerung zulassen. Die Textilfunde aus einem Kultgebäude am Fuß
einer Geoglyphe werden als Opfergaben interpretiert, da diese Bodenzeichnungen im Rahmen
zeremonieller Handlungen eine große Rolle spielten. Mit diesen Textilfunden können
erstmalig textile Opfergaben in diesem Zusammenhang belegt werden.
Für die Auswertung wurden die Textilfunde in unterschiedlichen Kombinationen der
Fundkontexte zusammengefasst und gegenübergestellt. Dabei wird auch berücksichtigt, dass
die Siedlungen in unterschiedlichen Zeiten verschiedene soziale Ausprägungen in Bezug auf
ihre Größe, die Charakteristika einzelner Siedlungsbereiche und den Status der Siedlung
innerhalb des Gesellschaftsgefüges innehatten.
The textiles excavated by the Nasca-Palpa Project in the Departamento of Ica, under the direction of Markus Reindel and Johny Isla Cuadrado, originate from two settlements and a sacred site in the region of the current town of Palpa. On the basis of archaeological data, the textiles correlate with distinctive features of the Nasca culture (200BC – 650AD): The settlements were inhabited continuously over long periods and at times also served as burial grounds. One part of the textiles are grave gifts from burials with a variety of forms as well as from diverse time periods and in different sectors of the settlements. Another part of the textiles were found in populated areas in compacted, undisturbed layers, which cover all cultural phases of the Nasca periods. This represents the first discovery of textiles from living areas in a remarkable quantity and allow us conclusions on everyday life of the Nascas. The textile fragments from the third site were found in a small ceremonial edifice within spitting distance of a geoglyph. For the first time, this evidences textiles in this ritual context and reveals their use during religious rituals at the geoglyphs. All textile fragments were documented accurately with identical methodology by collecting all technological and archaeological data. For the analysis, the textile findings were aggregated and compared with various combinations of archaeological contexts and specifically in relation to the changing attributes of the settlements in terms of size, characteristics of the relevant settlement sectors and their respective status within Nasca society.
The textiles excavated by the Nasca-Palpa Project in the Departamento of Ica, under the direction of Markus Reindel and Johny Isla Cuadrado, originate from two settlements and a sacred site in the region of the current town of Palpa. On the basis of archaeological data, the textiles correlate with distinctive features of the Nasca culture (200BC – 650AD): The settlements were inhabited continuously over long periods and at times also served as burial grounds. One part of the textiles are grave gifts from burials with a variety of forms as well as from diverse time periods and in different sectors of the settlements. Another part of the textiles were found in populated areas in compacted, undisturbed layers, which cover all cultural phases of the Nasca periods. This represents the first discovery of textiles from living areas in a remarkable quantity and allow us conclusions on everyday life of the Nascas. The textile fragments from the third site were found in a small ceremonial edifice within spitting distance of a geoglyph. For the first time, this evidences textiles in this ritual context and reveals their use during religious rituals at the geoglyphs. All textile fragments were documented accurately with identical methodology by collecting all technological and archaeological data. For the analysis, the textile findings were aggregated and compared with various combinations of archaeological contexts and specifically in relation to the changing attributes of the settlements in terms of size, characteristics of the relevant settlement sectors and their respective status within Nasca society.
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Keywords
Textilien, Archäologie, Alt-Peru, Ausgrabung