Cytotoxicity and apoptogenic properties of the standardized extract of Portulaca oleracea on glioblastoma multiforme cancer cell line (U-87)
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Date
2019-03-20
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Abstract
The traditional uses of Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity as well as antioxidants
properties were expressed previously. Glioma is considered the most common primary brain tumor
and its malignant form is the most lethal adult brain tumor, that glioblastoma covers about 50 % of glioma tumors.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptogenic effects of the hydro-ethanolic
extract of PO on human glioblastoma cancer cell line (U-87) and the role of NF-kB. Cytotoxicity of the extract
in the presence or absence of Vitamin C was evaluated using MTT assay, and the following hypotonic PI and
SubG1 peak were performed. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS), the level of NF-kB protein and nitric
oxide (NO) production were investigated. The extract had cytotoxicity and apoptogenic effects on U-87 cells
in both the concentration and time-dependent manners. The mechanism of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction
of the extract at the first hours of incubation and low concentrations were dependent on ROS. However, the toxicity
was replaced with NO pathway with time-lapse and higher concentrations. Results also indicated that the
extract acts as an NF-kB inhibitor with concentration and time-dependent manners. The present study may suggest
the anti-NF-kB activity of PO along with two upstream ROS and NO mechanisms. Furthermore, the extract
as ethnobotanical may be used as adjunctive anti-cancer therapy against glioblastoma multiforme.
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Keywords
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), ROS, NF-kB, U-87 cell, Portulaca oleracea, Nitric oxide