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    Tsunami 2004
    (2006-10-04) Dahlmann, F.; Edelmann, J.; Grundmann, C.; Lessig, R.; Rötzscher, K.; Schneider, P. M.
    The Tsunami after the sea quake in Southeast Asia at the 26th of December 2004 represents one of the largest disasters in the modern World. Approximately 228,000 people from the countries surrounding the Indian Ocean have died. A large number of visitors from different European countries staying for their Christmas holidays in Thailand and Sri Lanka became victims of the natural disaster. The large number of foreign victims in these countries required additional forensic investigations which were organized by internationally working DVI (Disaster Victim Identification) teams. Victim identification was a great challenge due to the environmental conditions rapidly leading to heavily decomposed bodies. Thus the forensic medical investigations were very important to identify the victims. The different steps of forensic medical, odonto-stomatological and molecular genetic investigations beginning at the end of 2004 with the identification of a small number of victims and ending with the closing of the TTVI IMC (Thai Tsunami Victim Identification Information Management Center) in Phuket one year later are described and critically discussed. Up to 31 international DVI Teams worked in the TTVI IMC during 2005.
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    Antioxidant Properties of Propofol
    (2006-04-13) Astuto, Marinella; Attaguile, Giuseppa; Di Giacomo, Claudia; Gullo, Antonino; Murabito, Paolo; Rodella, Luigi F.; Volti, Giovanni Li
    Propofol is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia as well as for sedation of intubated, mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care units (ICU). Propofol is characterized by a phenolic structure similar to that of a-tocopherol, and presents antioxidant properties that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present review is to evaluate the antioxidant properties of propofol in various models and whether or not it may be considered an efficient therapeutic tool in counteracting oxidative stress during general anesthesia and sedation in ICU.
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    Role of PrPc Related to Apoptosis
    (2006-01-11) Fan, D.; Ge, F. L.; Guo, X. Y.; Ji, Q.; Liang, J.; Li, T. T.; Liu, Z. X.; Lu, Y. Y.; Wang, J.; Yao, L. P.; Zhai, H. H.
    Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that are invariably fatal in human and animals. Although the nature of the infectious agent and pathogenic mechanisms of prion diseases are not clear, it has been reported to be associated with aberrant metabolism of cellular prion protein (PrPc). In various reports, it has been postulated that PrPc may be involved in programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis of neuronal cells can also be induced in vitro by exposure to PrPsc or a neurotoxic peptide fragment corresponding to amino acids 106-126,118-135 of human prion protein (PrP106-126;PrP118-135). While the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative function of PrPc is regulated by not only OR (Octapeptide Region,amino acid residue 51-91) but also the N-terminal half of HR(Hydrophobic Region, amino acids residue 95-132). PrPc may participate in apoptosis through extrinsic pathway by binding to certain chaperon molecules or through induced by certain stresses like inflammatory factors. It can also by modulating Bcl-2/Bax, endogenous dismutase activity and calcium channel, control the activation and translocation of the mitochondria which leads to apoptosis involving certain effective molecules of caspase family. Meanwhile above biological events would be controlled by cAMP/APK, p38/MAPK, JNK, p53, NF-?B pathways et al. Further understanding of the apoptosis in PrPc have important implications for designing therapy of prion diseases, as well as for understanding pathogenic mechanisms operative in other neurodegenerative disorders and the role of prion in biology.