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Electro-static discharge (ESD) event can cause upset or permanent damage of integrated circuits (IC) and electrical systems. The risk of ESD fails needs to be mitigated or prevented. ESD robustness of IC products and electrical systems is specified, verified and qualified according to respective ESD standards. For high-voltage IC products based on smart power semiconductor technologies for industrial, power and automotive applications, design of effective and cost-efficient ESD protection is ...
This thesis deals with the development and analysis of novel time-optimal model predictive control concepts for nonlinear systems. Common realizations of model predictive controllers apply direct transcription methods to first discretize and then optimize the subordinate optimal control problems. The key idea of the proposed concepts is to introduce discretization grids in which the underlying discretization is explicitly treated as temporally variable during optimization. A single optimizati...
All of the objects in the real world are envisioned to be connected and/or represented, through an infrastructure layer, in the virtual world of the Internet, becoming Things with status information. Services are then using the available data from this Internet-of-Things (IoT) for various social and economical benefits which explain its extreme broad usage in very heterogeneous fields. Domain administrations of diverse areas of application developed and deployed their own IoT systems and serv...
Silicon oxycarbide deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is investigated regarding its application as a material for optical waveguides. The dependence of the infrared absorption, the refractive index, and the surface roughness on the precursor gas flow ratios is studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Results show that the refractive index can be tuned over a significant wider range compared to silicon oxyn...
Fast 10 Jahre nach Veröffentlichung des Nationalen Entwicklungsplan Elektromobilität liegt der Bestand an batterieelektrischen Elektrofahrzeugen und Plug-In Hybriden bei ca. 100.000 und damit bei 10 % des Ziels der Bundesregierung für das Jahr 2020. Der gewerbliche Verkehrssektor mit insgesamt ca. 6 Mio. Fahrzeugen an Pkw und leichten Nutzfahrzeugen verfügt über Voraussetzungen ein Eintrittssegment darzustellen und die Marktintegration stärker voranzutreiben, und begründet dadurch den Fokus d...
We present a geochemical dataset acquired during continual sampling over 7 months (bi-weekly) and 4 weeks (every 8 h) in the Neuwied Basin, a part of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF, Germany). We used a combination of geochemical, geophysical, and statistical methods to describe and identify potential causal processes underlying the correlations of degassing patterns of CO2, He, Rn, and tectonic processes in three investigated mineral springs (Nette, Kärlich and Kobern). We provide for th...
Energy conversion and distribution of heat and electricity is characterized by long planning horizons, investment periods and depreciation times, and it is thus difficult to plan and tell the technology that optimally fits for decades. Uncertainties include future energy prices, applicable subsidies, regulation, and even the evolution of market designs. To achieve higher adaptability to arbitrary transition paths, a technical concept based on integrated energy systems is envisioned and descri...
The camera-based acquisition of the environment has become an ordinary task in today’s society as much in science as in everyday-life situations. Smartphone cameras are employed in interactive video games and augmented reality, just as industrial quality inspection, remote sensing, robotics and autonomous vehicles rely on camera sensors to analyze the outside world. One crucial aspect of the automated analysis is the retrieval of the 3D structure of unknown objects in the scene – be it for co...
A fully automatic system of crater detection, fusion and age estimation is built and constructed to result in reliable results in comparison with manually long time manually process from experts and professionals. A new idea of an extension of crater detection algorithms (CDA) is the Age Estimation that relied basically on Crater frequency-size distribution (CSFD). The age estimation process for surfaces depends basically on the numbers of the craters detected on the Moon surface and the tota...
Elektrostatische Entladungen stellen ein großes Risiko für die Elektronik dar. Eine simulationsgestützte Optimierung hilft, die ESD-Risiken bereits in einer frühen Entwicklungsphase zu erkennen und geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen einzuleiten. Die Güte des Simulationsergebnisses ist direkt mit den Modellen einzelner Komponenten verknüpft. Einen besonderen Stellungswert nehmen dabei die ESD-Schutzelemente ein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine systematische Methode zur Charakterisierung und Modelli...
Bedingt durch die stetige Nachfrage einer immerwährenden Miniaturisierung von mikro-mechanischen Systemen muss der zur Integration erforderliche Platz eines solchen Systems weiter reduziert werden. Ein bekannter Ansatz hierfür ist der sogenannte System-On-a-Chip Ansatz, bei dem alle Elemente des Systems monolithisch integriert werden. Hierbei wird die erforderliche Substratfläche zweidimensional optimal ausgenutzt, während die dritte Dimension oftmals unberücksichtigt bleibt. Dies trifft insb...
Moderne Automobile verfügen heutzutage über eine hohe Packungsdichte elektronischer Systeme. Zur Sicherstellung des EMV-Verhaltens ist eine Bewertung und Kontrolle ihrer Störaussendungen vor der Markteinführung notwendig. Verfahren wie ALSE-Antennenmessungen stellen sich heutzutage als standardisierte Methoden zur Bewertung von gestrahlten Störungen elektronischer Komponenten dar. Sie sind allerdings auf in der Anschaffung und Wartung kostspielige Absorberkammern angewiesen. EMV-Prüfungen kön...
We numerically investigate the impact of nonlinear effects in mode-multiplexed transmission over a 50 μm graded-index multimode fiber. Such a fiber supports 36 spatial modes, well suited for a mode-multiplexed transmission. The number of mode groups used for transmission is subsequently increased to identify the nonlinear penalty occurring due to the Kerr-effect-based nonlinear interaction between the spatial modes. It is shown that the nonlinear penalty scales less than proportional with the...
The most commonly used automotive immunity test methods for electrical interferences from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy are described in ISO 11452 series. Bulk Current Injection (BCI) and Absorber Line Shielded Enclosure (ALSE) apply different coupling mechanisms to assess the immunity of electronic components. While ALSE subjects the entire test setup to the electromagnetic fields generated by an antenna, BCI induces the interference signals directly into a certain part of the w...
Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Anwendung von Klassifikatoren um die subjektiv wahrgenommene Qualität von virtuellen Head-up-Display Bildern (HUD) in Luxusklassefahrzeugen zu beurteilen. Klassifikation versucht ausgehend von Trainingsdaten Muster bzw. Gesetzmäßigkeiten einer Aufgabenstellung zu erlernen und anschließend unbekannte Daten der gleichen Aufgabenstellung zu beurteilen. Die für diese Arbeit notwendigen HUD-Bilder werden mithilfe eines bestehenden Laboraufbaus der Daimler AG...
Although many researchers try to improve the level of machine intelligence, there is still a long way to achieve intelligence similar to what humans have. Scientists and engineers are continuously trying to increase the level of smartness of the modern technology, i.e. smartphones and robotics. Humans communicate with each other by using the voice and gestures. Hence, gestures are essential to transfer the information to the partner. To reach a higher level of intelligence, the machine should...