DNA damage
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Date
2008-03-04
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Abstract
Even under the best of circumstances, DNA is constantly subjected to chemical modifications.
Several types of DNA damage such as SSB (single strand break), DSB (double strand break),
CPDs (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers), 6-4PPs (6-4 photoproducts) and their Dewar valence
isomers have been identified that result from alkylating agents, hydrolytic deamination, free
radicals and reactive oxygen species formed by various photochemical processes including
UV radiation. There are a number of strategies such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction),
comet, halo, TUNEL (Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase-mediated deoxyuridine
triphosphate nick end labeling) assay, HPLC-Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, FISH
(Fluorescence in situ hybridization), FCM (Flow cytometry), annexin V labeling, immunological
assays including immunofluorescent and chemiluminescence thymine dimer detection,
immunohistochemical assay, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Radio immunoassay
(RIA), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrochemical methods, that
are commonly used to detect DNA damage in various organisms. The main aim of this review
is to present a brief account of the above mentioned DNA damage detection strategies for the
convenience of interested readers.
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Keywords
ageing, cancer, detection strategies, DNA damage, UV radiation