Practical considerations regarding educational guidance using a portfolio

Abstract

Student learning leads to deep learning when students are allowed to take the initiative in their own learning. However, it has been pointed out that Japanese middle-school students face issues of learning motivation, potentially hindering them from taking the initiative in learning, which requires that teachers improve their teaching. To solve this problem, we introduced a portfolio consisting of 4 items on a single sheet of paper. The results show that is effective for teachers to improve their teaching according to their students’ actual situation.