Quantitation of zolpidem in biological fluids by electro-driven microextraction combined with HPLC-UV analysis
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Date
2018-04-23
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Abstract
In this study, for the first time, an electro-driven microextraction method named electromembrane extraction
combined with a simple high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection was developed and
validated for the quantitation of zolpidem in biological samples. Parameters influencing electromembrane extraction
were evaluated and optimized. The membrane consisted of 2-ethylhexanol immobilized in the pores of a
hollow fiber. As a driving force, a 150 V electric field was applied to facilitate the analyte migration from the
sample matrix to an acceptor solution through a supported liquid membrane. The pHs of donor and acceptor solutions
were optimized to 6.0 and 2.0, respectively. The enrichment factor was obtained >75 within 15 minutes.
The effect of carbon nanotubes (as solid nano-sorbents) on the membrane performance and EME efficiency was
evaluated. The method was linear over the range of 10-1000 ng/mL for zolpidem (R2 >0.9991) with repeatability
( %RSD) between 0.3 % and 7.3 % (n = 3). The limits of detection and quantitation were 3 and 10 ng/mL, respectively.
The sensitivity of HPLC-UV for the determination of zolpidem was enhanced by electromembrane
extraction. Finally, the method was employed for the quantitation of zolpidem in biological samples with relative
recoveries in the range of 60–79 %.
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Keywords
Biological fluids, Electromembrane extraction, HPLC-UV, Quantitation, Zolpidem