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Blazars like Markarian 421 or Markarian 501 are active galactic nuclei (AGN), with their jets orientated towards the observer. They are among the brightest objects in the very high energy (VHE) gamma ray regime (>100 GeV). Their emitted gamma-ray fluxes are extremely variable, with changing activity levels on timescales between minutes, months, and even years. Several questions are part of the current research, such as the question of the emission regions or the engine of the AGN and the part...
Active Galactic Nuclei emit radiation over the whole electromagnetic spectrum up to TeV energies. Blazars are one subtype with their jets pointing towards the observer. One of their typical features is extreme variability on timescales, from minutes to years. The fractional variability is an often used parameter for investigating the degree of variability of a light curve. Different detection methods and sensitivities of the instruments result in differently binned data and light curves with ...
The presented thesis deals with the branching ratio measurement of the decay channel Bs0 → KS0 KS0 reconstructed as two charged pion pairs. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb^{-1} collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energies of sqrt{s} = 7 TeV (1 fb^{-1}), 8 TeV (2 fb^{-1}) and 13 TeV (2 fb^{-1}). As normalisation channel the decay B0 → φKS0 is used in which the φ meson is reconstructed as two charged kaons. The branching rat...
Blazars are known to show variability on time scales from minutes to years covering a wide range of flux states. Studying the flux distribution of a source allows for various insights. The shape of the flux distribution can provide information on the nature of the underlying variability processes. The level of a possible quiescent state can be derived from the main part of the distribution that can be described by a Gaussian distribution. Dividing the flux states into quiescent and active, th...
This thesis presents the measurement of decay-time-dependent 𝐶𝑃 violation in the decays of 𝐵0 → 𝜓(2𝑆)𝐾S0 and 𝐵0 → 𝐽/𝜓𝐾S0 using data collected with the LHCb experiment in 𝑝𝑝 collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1. In both considered decay modes, the 𝐾S0 meson is reconstructed from two charged pions, while the 𝜓(2𝑆) meson is reconstructed from two muons, whereas the 𝐽/𝜓 meson is reconstructed from...
In this thesis, the production of a single top quark in association with a Higgs boson (tH) is studied at √s = 13 TeV in the H → γγ decay channel at the ATLAS experiment. Similar to the production of a Higgs boson in association with a top-antitop quark pair (ttH), tH production allows for a direct measurement of the Yukawa coupling, Yt, of the top quark. Due to a destructive interference in tH production, it also provides sensitivity to negative values of the coupling strength modifier κt = ...
This thesis discusses two analyses of rareBmeson decays that are sensitive to effectsbeyond the Standard Model of particles physics. Both measurements are based on theLHCb Run 1 data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integratedluminosity of3 fb−1recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV.The first measurement is a search for light scalar particles inB0(s)→μ+μ−μ+μ−decays. Additionally to the Standard Model contributions without intermediateresonances, a specific s...
The Dortmund Low Background Facility is a highly sensitive gamma ray spectrometry system, operated in a low-background environment, which enables the measurement of traces of radioactivity with high precision. A HPGe detector is set up within an artificial overburden, equivalent to 10 meters of water. This outer shielding reduces the contribution from cosmic muons during the measurement. Signals induced by cosmic muons that penetrate this shielding are suppressed by an active cosmic muon v...
Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy is due to its steep dose gradients a promising treatment option for many cancer patients, particularly if the tumour is surrounded by critical organs. Currently, organ motion often poses an obstacle for the irradiation of tumours in the thorax or abdomen since the interference of pencil beam and tumour motion can lead to distortions of the intended dose distribution and requires dedicated motion mitigation techniques. A technique which has been recomm...
The work presented in this thesis comprises two individual topics: While the first part presents a branching ratio measurement of the decay 𝐵0𝑠→ 𝐾0S𝐾0S, the second part discusses the author’s contribution to the simulation of the upgraded LHCb detector. To reduce systematic uncertainties, the branching ratio is measured normalised to the branching ratio ℬ(𝐵0 → 𝜙𝐾0S). The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 of 𝑝𝑝 collisions recorded at centre-of...
In this thesis, an approach is presented to probe the locations of track-like high energy starting events (HESE) for an additional clustering of neutrino events within six years of IceCube neutrino data at these positions. Two unbinned Likelihood stacking analyses using both a time-dependent, per-burst and a steady-state neutrino emission scenario are performed. This is done to be sensitive to a collection of weak fluxes, undetectable on their own and to test a rather broad regime of emi...
In this thesis corrections to the energy loss cross sections of high-energy muons are calculated. Over a large part of the energy range investigated by very large volume neutrino telescopes such as IceCube, pair production and bremsstrahlung dominate the energy loss. The theoretical uncertainties on the energy loss cross sections influence the experimental results as systematic uncertainties. These corrections are important for the energy reconstruction of high-energy muons which are ob...
In order to meet the requirements of the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), it will be necessary to replace the current tracker of the ATLAS experiment. Therefore, a new all-silicon tracking detector is being developed, the so-called Inner Tracker (ITk). The use of quad chip modules is intended in its pixel region. These quad modules consist of four read-out chips, bump-bonded to one large silicon pixel sensor. In this thesis, first prototypes of quad modules are investigated, which were asse...
Fading influences are a crucial point in dosimetry using thermoluminescence dosemeters. Due to thermal fading, the thermoluminescence signal decreases over time resulting in a potential underestimation of the irradiation dose. This thesis presents two techniques for a fading time independent irradiation dose estimation. Both methods are based on glow curve deconvolution. In the first approach, the fraction of signal photons of two peaks in the glow curve is used to estimate fading time an...
In dieser Arbeit wird eine Messung der CP-Asymmetrien Sf und S-f in B0→D^∓ π^±-Zerfällen präsentiert. Der analysierte Datensatz enthält dabei Ereignisse aus Proton-Proton-Kollisionen bei Schwerpunktsenergien von 7 und 8 TeV, die in den Jahren 2011 und 2012 vom LHCb-Detektor aufgenommen wurden und entspricht einer integrierten Luminosität von 3 fb-1. Die CP-Asymmetrien sind gemessen als Sf=0.058±0.020(stat.)±0.011(syst.), S-f =0.038±0.020(stat.)±0.007(syst.). Diese Ergebnisse sind präzise...
Diese Arbeit beschreibt eine Messung von zerfallszeitabhängiger 𝐶𝑃-Verletzung in den Zerfällen 𝐵0 → 𝐽/𝜓𝐾S0 und 𝐵0 → 𝜓(2𝑆)𝐾S0, in welchen das 𝐽/𝜓 aus zwei Elektronen und das 𝜓(2𝑆) aus zwei Muonen rekonstruiert wird. Der verwendete Datensatz entspricht einer integrierten Luminosität von 3fb^{−1} 𝑝𝑝-Kollisionen und wurde mit dem LHCb- Experiment bei Schwerpunktsenergien von 7 und 8 TeV aufgenommen. Die gemessenen 𝐶𝑃-Observablen sind 𝐶(𝐵0 → 𝐽/𝜓𝐾S0) = 0.12 ± 0.07 (stat...
In dieser Arbeit wird die Messung des Energiespektrums atmosphärischer Myonneutrinos in einem Energiebereich zwischen 125 GeV und 2 PeV mit Daten des IceCube-Detektors vorgestellt. Zur Durchführung der Messung wurde zunächst für die drei untersuchten Messjahre ein Myonneutrinodatensatz erzeugt. Für den Datensatz wurde eine Reinheit von 99.7±0.03% bei einer Ereignisrate von 3.47 mHz erreicht. Die Ereignisrate liegt circa 35% höher als bei vergleichbaren Datensätzen der selben Messjahre. Für d...
Für das Jahr 2019 ist ein Upgrade des LHCb Detektors geplant. Die Trackingstationen hinter dem Magneten sollen dabei durch einen Detektor aus szintillierenden Fasern mit Silizium-Photomultiplier-Auslese ersetzt werden. Um die gewünschte Ortsauflösung von unter 100 µm zu erreichen, werden Fasern mit einem Durchmesser von 250 µm präzise in mehreren Lagen positioniert und zu 2.4 m langen Matten verklebt. Qualitätskontrollen während der Produktion der Fasermatten sind zwingend notwendig, um eine ...