Tropane alkaloids (TA) are important and valuable secondary plant metabolites which occur in the families of Solanaceae, Erythroxylaceae, as well as Convolvulaceae, Moraceae, and Brassicaceae. These plant families produce the TAs hyoscyamine and scopolamine, cocaine, or calystegines, respectively. Due to the medicinal and pharmacological properties of hyoscyamine, scopolamine and cocaine, TA containing plants have been used for thousands of years. Even today, many drugs are derived from TAs ...

Die Mitochondrien der Hefe besitzen über 1000 Proteine, von denen mehr als 99% durch nukleäre DNA und nur der Rest durch mitochondriale DNA kodiert wird. Um das Mitochondrium erreichen zu können, ist eine effiziente Protein-Zell-Signalweiterleitung notwendig, um die Moleküle nicht nur an das Organell selbst, sondern auch an eines der vier Subkompartimente des Mitochondriums korrekt zu adressieren. Mitochondriale Protein-Fehlzuordnung ist mit verschiedenen Krankheiten wie Alzheimer und Parkins...

Monoterpenes, such as the cyclic terpene limonene, are valuable and important natural products widely used in food, cosmetics, household chemicals, and pharmaceutical applications. The biotechnological production of limonene with microorganisms may complement traditional plant extraction methods. For this purpose, the bioprocess needs to be stable and ought to show high titers and space-time yields. In this study, a limonene production process was developed with metabolically engineered Esche...

Gas‐liquid‐liquid slug flow in a capillary reactor is a promising new concept that allows one to incorporate gas‐liquid reaction, liquid‐liquid extraction, and facile catalyst separation in a single unit. In order to assess the performance of a gas‐liquid‐liquid slug flow reactor, it is necessary to predict the slug velocity and pressure drop to ascertain residence times and reaction rates. New empirical models for velocity and pressure drop were developed based on existing models for two‐pha...

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are ubiquitous hemeproteins that insert oxygen specifically into substrates leading to diverse chemical transformations. Utilizing their capabilities, microbial whole‐cell biocatalysts are applied in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry to produce biomolecules and drug metabolites. In order to synthesize novel bioactive compounds there is a great demand to identify P450s with new reaction and substrate scope. In this study, genome mining and an acti...

The growing demand for flexible and compact separation technologies has promoted the application of high‐gravity technology, like rotating packed beds (RPBs). Mass transfer characterization and packing design play an important role in the development of this technology. This article provides a systematic approach towards the evaluation of packing and the development of advanced packing design for distillation in RPBs. For the latter, an additive manufacturing approach is used to develop a new...

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s (POxs) with 2,2′‐iminodiacetate (IDA) end groups were investigated as inhibitors for laccase. The polymers with the IDA end groups are reversible, competitive inhibitors for this enzyme. The IC50 values were found to be in a range of 1–3 mm. Compared with IDA alone, the activity was increased by a factor of more than 30; thus indicating that attaching a polymer chain to an inhibitor can already improve the activity of the former. The enzyme activity drops to practically zer...

For better understanding and optimization of multiphase flow in miniaturized devices, micro‐computed tomography (μCT) is a promising visualization tool, as it is nondestructive, three‐dimensional, and offers a high spatial resolution. Today, computed tomography (CT) is a standard imaging technique. However, using CT in microfluidics is still challenging, since X‐ray related artifacts, low phase contrast, and limited spatial resolution complicate the exact localization of interfaces. We apply ...

Zur Überwindung des hohen kohlenstoffdioxidspezifischen Energieeintrags bei Temperaturwechseladsorptionskonzepten für Direct‐Air‐Capture‐Prozesse wird eine Anwendung hoch‐wärmeintegrierter Verfahrenskonzepte untersucht. Die detaillierte Modellierung und Simulation eines Band‐ als auch Wanderbettadsorberkonzeptes deutet darauf hin, dass eine Rückgewinnung der sensiblen Wärme des Adsorbens von mehr als 90 % erreicht werden kann. Hier eröffnet eine Kombination der vorgestellten Konzepte mit eine...

For process development on lab‐scale, it is necessary to have equipment that represents the industrial apparatuses as similar as possible to offer short time‐to‐market. Accordingly, a draft tube baffle (DTB) crystallizer was scaled down from typical m3‐scale to 1 L filling volume. The suspension characteristics were determined for fluidized crystals in saturated solution. For further characterization of the DTB tank, the residence time of the liquid and solid phases were experimentally determ...

Thermoresponsive hydrogels are of great importance as smart materials. They are usually composed of cross‐linked polymers with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Although much is known about networks of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), all other polymers are somewhat neglected. In this work, the temperature‐dependent swelling behavior of differently cross‐linked thermoresponsive poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) hydrogels were investigated with regard to varying parameters of the netwo...

Heme enzymes have the potential to be widely used as biocatalysts due to their capability to perform a vast variety of oxidation reactions. In spite of their versatility, the application of heme enzymes was long time‐limited for the industry due to their low activity and stability in large scale processes. The identification of novel natural biocatalysts and recent advances in protein engineering have led to new reactions with a high application potential. The latest creation of a serine‐liga...

The aim of this work was the generation of artificial metalloenzymes (AMEs) for use in organic solvent systems and the optimization of such reactions. The asymmetric dihydroxylation of styrene with Osmate-laccase-PMOx as AME was studied in detail to find more suitable reaction conditions for this reaction. By optimizing different reac-tion parameters, it was possible to increase the turnover frequency up to 48-fold compared to the previously used reaction system and to achieve high enantiome...

High-speed rotary bell atomization is the preeminent coating technique in the automotive industry. It is widely accepted that a narrow droplet size distribution and constant spray are necessary in order to guarantee uniform film thickness and high-quality appearance. This may be deteriorated by paint flow pulsations. So far, however, no studies exist regarding such fluctuations quantitatively for this type of atomizers. We fill this gap using image analysis of high-speed recordings close to t...

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) catalyzes the synthesis of the multifunctional second messenger, cGAMP, in metazoans. Although numerous cGAS homologues are predicted in protein databases, the catalytic activity towards cGAMP synthesis has been proven for only four of them. Therefore, we selected five novel and yet uncharacterized cGAS homologues, which cover a broad range in the field of vertebrates. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) was used for a pre-screening to investigate if the cGAS...

Background:The raised demand of cannabis as a medicinal plant in recent years led to an increased interest in understanding the biosynthetic routes of cannabis metabolites. Since there is no established protocol to generate stable gene knockouts in cannabis, the use of a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method, resulting in a gene knockdown, to study gene functions is desirable.Results:For this, a computational approach was employed to analyze the Cannabis sativa L. transcriptomic and geno...

The long-term stability of pharmaceutical formulations of poorly-soluble drugs in polymers determines their bioavailability and therapeutic applicability. However, these formulations do not only often tend to crystallize during storage, but also tend to undergo unwanted amorphous-amorphous phase separations (APS). Whereas the crystallization behavior of APIs in polymers has been measured and modeled during the last years, the APS phenomenon is still poorly understood. In this study, the cryst...