Background: Few studies have delved into the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds by considering gender differences. The aim of the present study was to examine gender differences and the relationship of the social environment with children’s physical activity and outdoor play in public playgrounds. Methods: A quantitative, observational study was conducted at ten playgrounds in one district of a middle-sized town in G...

Personality predicts academic achievement above and beyond intelligence. However, studies investigating the possible interaction effects between personality and intelligence when predicting academic achievement are scarce, as is the separate investigation of broad personality factors versus narrow personality facets in this context. Two studies with 11th grade students (Study 1: N = 421; Study 2: N = 243) were conducted to close this research gap. The students completed the Intelligence-Struc...

A growing literature shows that doing voluntary work not only helps the wider community but can also improve one’s own well-being. To date, however, few studies have examined the relationship between volunteering and well-being in non-US and especially in comparative data. We study this relationship using two waves of data of 18,559 individuals aged 50 and above from 12 European countries. We analyze life satisfaction impacts of change and stability in volunteering status and in the intensity...

This paper presents a systematic procedure for the development of a constitutive model of friction with focus on the application in bulk metal forming simulations. The empirically based friction model describes friction as a function of sliding distance and the most relevant friction influencing parameters. The latter were determined by means of designed experiments. An optimal friction model is obtained as a trade-off between model accuracy and complexity by using stepwise nonlinear regressi...

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a classification task for recognizing human movements. Methods of HAR are of great interest as they have become tools for measuring occurrences and durations of human actions, which are the basis of smart assistive technologies and manual processes analysis. Recently, deep neural networks have been deployed for HAR in the context of activities of daily living using multichannel time-series. These time-series are acquired from body-worn devices, which are co...

The usage of high-strength steels for structural components and reinforcement parts is inevitable for modern car-body manufacture in reaching lightweight design as well as increasing passive safety. Depending on their microstructure these steels show differing damage mechanisms and various mechanical properties which cannot be classified comprehensively via classical uniaxial tensile testing. In this research, damage initiation, evolution and final material failure are characterized for comme...

In this work, the novel "Tensor Diffusion" approach for simulating viscoelastic fluids is proposed, which is based on the idea, that the extra-stress tensor in the momentum equation of the flow model is replaced by a product of the strain-rate tensor and a tensor-valued viscosity. At least for simple flows, this approach offers the possibility to reduce the full nonlinear viscoelastic model to a generalized "Tensor Stokes" problem, avoiding the need of considering a separate stress tensor in ...

This study investigates whether class-level school performance affects students’ life satisfaction and if there are differential effects for high- and low-performing students. Data were derived from the National Educational Panel Study, including n = 5196 students (49.6% girls), nested in 478 classes and 250 secondary schools. School performance in class was measured by aggregating individual grade point average in Mathematics and German. The study could not reveal the “big-fish-little-pond”-...

This thesis focuses on the impact of financial markets on innovation. On the one hand, this includes the analysis of the sensitivity of innovative firms to restrictions in external financing. On the other hand, the reaction of innovation activities to changes in the supply of external financing is investigated. In that respect, in particular the lack of access to and supply of bank financing in the recent financial crisis is being used as source of underinvestment in innovation. The second ch...

Urban residents’ need to be in control of their home environment can be constrained by perceived uncontrollability of exposure to road traffic noise. Noise annoyance may indicate a psychological stress reaction due to this uncontrollability perception, thereby undermining the restoration process. Environmental resources, such as having access to a quiet side at home and dwelling-related green, may reduce noise annoyance both directly by shielding acoustically and indirectly by enhancing resid...

Extensive phytochemical analysis of different root fractions of Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courb. (Euphorbiaceae) has resulted in the isolation and identification of 22 secondary metabolites. 6-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin-7-O-β-d-glycopyranoside (15) and 2-hydroxymethyl N-methyltryptamine (18) were isolated and identified as new compounds along with the known diterpenoid (1, 3, 4, and 7), triterpenoid (2 and 6), flavonoid (5, 11, 13, 14, and 16), coumarinolignan (8–10), coumarin (15), pyrimidine ...

Fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene (FCdiene) is a tricyclic diterpene which has many pharmaceutical applications, for example, it is a precursor for different anticancer drugs, including fusicoccin A. Chemical synthesis of this diterpene is not economical as it requires 14 steps with several stereospecific reactions. FCdiene is naturally produced at low titers in phytopathogenic filamentous fungi. However, production of FCdiene can be achieved via expression of fusicoccadiene synthase in yeast. The obj...

For the design of the next generation of microelectronic packages, thermal management is one of the key aspects and must be met by the development of polymers with enhanced thermal conductivity. While all polymer classes show a very low thermal conductivity, this shortcoming can be compensated for by the addition of fillers, yielding polymer-based composite materials with high thermal conductivity. The inorganic fillers, however, are often available only in submicron- and micron-scaled dimens...

Rapid urbanization has dramatically spurred economic development since the 1980s, especially in China, but has had negative impacts on natural resources since it is an irreversible process. Thus, timely monitoring and quantitative analysis of the changes in land use over time and identification of landscape pattern variation related to growth modes in different periods are essential. This study aimed to inspect spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape pattern responses to land use changes ...

Das kumulative Promotionsvorhaben beschäftigt sich in international vergleichender Perspektive mit der Qualifizierung von Dienstleistungsstandorten der urbanen Peripherie. Dazu werden drei Beispielregionen aus Deutschland (Frankfurt am Main), der Schweiz (Zürich) und den USA (Boston) betrachtet und abschließend zusammenfassend dargestellt. Im Zuge zunehmender Regionalisierungstendenzen großer Metropolregionen zu polycentric urban regions (Kloosterman & Musterd 2001; Meijers 2005) oder megacit...

Für die trennende Bearbeitung von Beton und Stahlbeton werden in großem Umfang diamantimprägnierte Schleifwerkzeuge eingesetzt. Die spezifische Herausforderung stellt dabei das Verbundverhalten aus sprödhartem Beton und zähelastischem Stahl dar. Nur wenige veröffentlichte Arbeiten beschäftigen sich mit der Erforschung der trennenden Bearbeitung des umfangreich eingesetzten Konstruktionswerkstoffs Stahlbeton. Mit dieser Arbeit soll ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Prozessverständnisses für das...

This thesis presents the first LHCb measurement of 𝐶𝑃 violation in 𝐵0 → 𝐷∗±𝐷∓ decays. Due to the 𝑏 → 𝑐𝑐𝑑 transition, 𝐵0 → 𝐷∗±𝐷∓ decays give access to higher-order Standard Model contributions. The decay-time-dependent measurement is performed on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 recorded by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The 𝐶𝑃 observables are measured with an unbinned maximum likelihood fi...